M.Y. Akimov, V.A. Gudkovsky, R.D. Isaev, L.V. Kozhina
I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center, ul. Michurina, 30, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393764, Russian Federation
Abstract. Fruit and berry crops are the main source of biologically active substances, providing antioxidant protection of an organism against early aging and development of diseases. The real consumption of fruits and berries by residents of the country is 21 percent of the normal consumption; more than 68 % of the consumed fruits are delivered from abroad. The purpose of our research was the creation of a scientifically justified complex system to control the efficiency and production of competitive fruits and berries of high quality at the stages of cultivar development, production, storage, delivery to consumers for the solution of problems of import substitution and improvement of the healthy eating structure of the population of the Russian Federation. In order to ensure an effective production in orchards of the intensive type cultivar-stock combinations should meet the following requirements: high winter hardiness; early maturity (the beginning of fructification in 2–3 years); high annual productivity (30–40 t/ha for the middle zone of gardening); high commercial quality of production (85–95 % of fruits should be of the highest and the first commercial grades); the size of fruits on the largest cross diameter of 75–90 mm; high level of keeping quality of fruits (Ca not less than 4.5–5.0, P – 9–11, K – 90–120 mg/100 g of raw weight; the ratio (K + Mg)/Ca is less than 25; Ca/Mg is more than 1; N/Ca is less than 10; the optimal degree of maturity at the harvesting for storage is the content of ethylene of 0.5–5.0 ppm, the index of iodine-starch test is 2–4 points); the duration of storage of 5–9 months; the ability to keep high quality during 15–20 days during delivery. The model of management of plantings efficiency and quality of fruits of apple-trees in a garden of the intensive type is presented. The model of monitoring of a physiological condition of plants and quality of fruits is developed. The introduction of scientific achievements in the field of postharvest technologies, development of functional foodstuff from domestic plant raw materials will allow to provide year-round consumption of high-quality agricultural production by the population.
Keywords: complex investigations, horticulture, variety, type of garden, monitoring, storage, processing.
Author Details: M.Y. Akimov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.A. Gudkovsky, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, head of division; R.D. Isaev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), deputy director; L.V. Kozhina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Akimov M.Y., Gudkovsky V.A., Isaev R.D., Kozhina L.V. Complex Investigations in I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center in the Context of the Import Substitution Program for Horticultural Production. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 7. Pp. 9-13 (in Russ.).