TO THE PROBLEM OF SOIL ACIDITY OF THE NON-BLACK SOIL ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

P.A. Chekmarev¹, E.M. Kupreev¹, A.A. Ermakov^2
1Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Orlikov pereulok, 1/11, Moskva, 107139, Russian Federation
²Center of Agrochemical Service “Moskovskii”, ul. Agrokhimikov, 6, rab. pos. Novoivanovskoe, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 143013, Russian Federation

Abstract. The article presents the results of an agrochemical monitoring of one of the most important characteristics of soil fertility – the degree of acidity, which was carried out by the agrochemical service of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation during the last 50 years. On 01/01/1975 the share of acid soils with pH up to 5.5 was 82.5 % on the whole for the Non-Black Soil zone of the Russian Federation. This situation was typical for all subjects of the region. An intensive chemical amelioration of acid soils in 1980-90s enabled to significantly reduce the level of soil acidity. It was annually limed 2.5-3.0 million hectares of soils, and the doses were from 500 to 1000 kg of physical weight of chemical ameliorants per hectare. However, after that, the process of soil degradation began due to the sharp reduction of liming volumes. The share of acid soils with pH 5.5 on 01/01/2016 increased again and reached 63 % of the inspected area. Moreover, this process continues, and the value of this index increased by 1–3 % annually. Based on the results of the monitoring, the scientifically substantiated work volumes were calculated on the liming of acid soils of the Non-Black Soil region for the period till 2030 for all subjects of the Russian Federation. Within the next 10–15 years in the region it is necessary to carry out the chemical amelioration on the area of 1.6 million hectares with the application of about 10 million tons of lime fertilizers to the sum of more than 19 billion rubles. To solve this task it is necessary the State target program for the improvement of soil fertility, providing for the different sources of co-investment, including funds of federal and regional budgets, as well as private investments, including the costs of agricultural commodity producers. The realization of this program will enable to produce additional agricultural products in the volume of more than 5 million tons on conversion to grain for the regions of the Non-Black Soil zone.

Keywords: Non-Black Soil region of the Russian Federation, soil fertility, increased acidity, dynamics of agricultural indices, volume of work on liming, scientifically substantiated requirement of liming, financing sources.

Author Details: P.A. Chekmarev, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, director of division (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E.M. Kupreev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), deputy director of division – head of division; A.A. Ermakov, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), director (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).

For citation: Chekmarev P.A., Kupreev E.M., Ermakov A.A. To the Problem of Soil Acidity of the Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federation. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 7. Pp. 14-19 (in Russ.).