N.N. Savelyeva, A.N. Yushkov, A.S. Zemisov
I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center, ul. Michurina, 30, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393764, Russian Federation
Abstract. As a result of long-term breeding work, new apple varieties with a complex of valuable characteristics were developed. The investigations were carried out on the basis of the genetic collection of apple-trees of Breeding and Genetic Center, consisting of more than 2,000 genotypes and including wild species-derivatives of Malus Mill. genus, varieties of people’s, domestic and foreign breeding, as well as gene sources and donors of the most important valuable characteristics, and a hybrid fund, including more than 60,000 hybrid seedlings from different types of crosses. Test plots are located on the territory of Breeding and Genetic Center, I.V. Michurin All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants, located in the Central Chernozem region of the Russian Federation, the climatic conditions of which are quite favorable for the normal growth of apple varieties in the middle zone of Russia. The sum of temperatures above 10 Celsius degrees is 2400–2600 Celsius degrees; the soils are leached chernozem with the humus content of 5.7–6.8 %, pH of water extract was 5.8–6.5, the depth of the plowing layer was 30–40 cm. On the basis of genetic and breeding investigations with the use of donors of monogenic (Vf gene) and polygenic scab resistance of apple-trees in hybridization, new highly productive (20–30 t/ha), winter resistant (from -38 to -40 Celsius degrees), disease resistant varieties with high fruit quality were developed in I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center. They are Flagman, Vympel, Bylina, Akademik Kazakov, and all these varieties are included in the State Register of Selection Achievements, admitted for usage. For industrial plantations and for using in breeding the following innovative varieties of columnar apple-tree are recommended: Geizer, Stela, Kaskad. These varieties were recently included in the State Register. New apple varieties Pamyati Nesterova, Purpurovoye CGL, Kornet, which are examined in the system of state variety testing, deserve much use in the production, as well as elite forms 18-12-05(63) (Charodejka x Zolotaya Korona), 12-8-05(14) (Charodejka x Persikovoye), 2-1-05(37) (Skala x Gala), 1a-22 [18-2(KV-5 x Yakutskaya 1) x 15-29 (Anis Purpurovy x Korichnoye Polosatoye)].
Keywords: apple tree, genotype, resistance, productivity.
Author Details: N.N. Savelyeva, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow, (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.N. Yushkov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), acting deputy head of breeding center; A.S. Zemisov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Savelyeva N.N., Yushkov A.N., Zemisov A.S. Promising Apple Varieties and Genotypes, Bred in I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 7. Pp. 20-22 (in Russ.).