A.I. Kuzin1,2, G.N. Pugachev1, Y.V. Trunov2
1I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, ul. Michurina, 30, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393764, Russian Federation
2Michurin State Agrarian University, ul. Internatsional’naya, 101, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393760, Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of our research was to study the effect of sodding by Gramineae and leguminous grasses on some physical properties of soil and optimization of nitrogen nutrition, development of apple tree root systems and their productivity. The research was carried out under conditions of an experimental orchard in I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center (Tambov region) in 2013–2016. The orchard was planted in 2007. The objects of the research were apple trees ‘Lobo/54-118’. The soil of the test plot was leached meadow chernozem, with low humus content, heavy loamy on the sand with pseudo fiber. We studied the architectonics of the root system, determined the least water storage capacity of the soil, its aggregate composition and the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen according to the generally accepted methods. Sodding of row-spacing by Gramineae grasses increases the water stability of the layer of 0–30 cm, and by the legumes – of the layer of 30–60 cm, which allows to obtain high coefficients of water stability: 9.9 for legumes and 9.5 for cereals. Simultaneously, in the variant with legumes the soil structure coefficient, especially in the 0–30 cm layer increased up to 2.5, with cereals – up to 1.3. Due to the improvement of physical properties of the soil at the sodding, a more uniform distribution of active roots along the layers was observed: in the variant with legumes 60 % of roots were in the 0–30 cm layer and 40 % – in the 30–60 cm layer, with cereals – 47 % and 53 %, respectively. In the control, these values were 90 % and 10 % correspondingly. The sodding by legumes significantly increased the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil (by 38.0 mg/kg and 41.4 mg/kg in the 0–30 cm layer, and by 41.4 mg/kg and 44.1 mg/kg in the 30–60 cm layer compared with bare fallow and sodding by cereals, respectively; with the confidence interval of 16.1). The productivity of plants in the variant with legumes increased up to 16.3 t/ha, which was higher than in the variant with cereals (14.8 t/ha) and in the control (13.3 t/ha).
Keywords: physical properties of soil, sodding, legume grasses, gramineae grasses, hydrolyzable nitrogen, activity of root system.
Author Details: A.I. Kuzin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), assoc. prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); G.N. Pugachev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.); Y.V. Trunov, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof.
For citation: Kuzin A.I., Pugachev G.N., Trunov Y.V. Influence of Sodding of Row-Spacing on the Physical Properties of Soil and Nitrogen Content under Conditions of an Intensive Apple Orchard. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 7. Pp. 36-38 (in Russ.).