V.A. Gudkovsky, L.V. Kozhina, Y.B. Nazarov, A.E. Balakirev
I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center, ul. Michurina, 30, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393764, Russian Federation
Abstract. The main objectives of modern technologies of storage of fruits and berries are aimed at providing inhibition of breath intensity, endogenous biosynthesis, and maintenance of the low level of exogenous ethylene. During the present period it is realized by a decrease in the temperature of storage, low level of oxygen and raised level carbon dioxide (controlled atmosphere, CA), storage under conditions of the modified atmosphere, MA (the content of O2 and CO2 depends on the properties of a film and product), postharvest processing of fruits by inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis (1-MCP). The purpose of the research was the development of progressive methods, technologies, and processes for storage fruits and berries with the minimum losses and the maximum preservation of the initial quality. The work was performed in I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center, at the premises of fruit-growing farms of the Southern and Central regions of Russia. The postharvest processing of apples by 1-MCP in combination with various ways of storage promotes quality preservation. The high efficiency of the controlled atmosphere with the ultralow content of oxygen in combination with 1-MCP caused the global nature of the use of the technology. Postripening of apples of an early term of harvesting within 5–7 days at a temperature of 10–12 Celsius degrees with the subsequent processing with 1-MCP, processing with 1-MCP no later than two days after harvesting and fast (2–3 days) creation of RA, a low-oxygen stress are perspective methods for a decrease in losses from gas injury, subcutaneous spottiness, damages from carbon dioxide. The RA-control technology is the most effective for storage of large volumes of fruits of sweet cherry (up to 35 days), for plum fruits, this is “RA + 1-MCP” technology (up to 3 months). MA conditions (packages of “Stepak”) allow to increase the duration of storage of fruits of blackcurrant up to 14–20 days, red currant – up to 25–30 days, honeysuckles – up to 14–20 days, hawthorn – up to 120–200 days, with the maximum preservation of commercial and taste qualities.
Keywords: storage technologies, pomiferous, drupaceous and small-fruit crops, ethylene inhibitor, storage life, quality.
Author Details: V.A. Gudkovsky, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); L.V. Kozhina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; Y.B. Nazarov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; A.E. Balakirev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), research fellow.
For citation: Gudkovsky V.A., Kozhina L.V., Nazarov Y.B., Balakirev A.E. Modern and Promising Technologies of Fruit Storage of Pomiferous, Drupaceous and Small-Fruit Crops. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 7. Pp. 39-43 (in Russ.).