G.G. Gataulina, M.E. Belyshkina
Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, ul. Timiryazevskaya, 49, Moskva, 127550, Russian Federation
Abstract. According to the analysis of FAO data for 15 years (2000–2014) the article presents the modern trends in the production and use of soybean and other high protein legumes in the world and in Russia from the position of the need for plant protein and its deficiency for the development of livestock, feed and food industries. The dynamics of harvesting areas and production of soybean in different countries of the world is analyzed. It is noted the increase in the stability and environmental safety of field agrosystems when legumes are included in crop rotations. The dynamic characteristics of the production of haricot, pea, forage bean and lupine in the world and in the Russian Federation are considered, including the peculiarities of yield formation and nitrogen fixation. The causes of the variability in the yield of legume crops are analyzed. Both the advantages of legumes associated with the use of air nitrogen and the increased sensitivity of these crops to stress factors, influencing negatively the nitrogen fixation and yield formation, are noted. A systematic approach is needed for the replacement of the deficit of vegetable protein; the further development of this industry will depend on a system of well-developed complementary measures. Agriculture should be based on a diversity of cultures that support the balance of the environment, with the restriction of the use of chemicals. The use of unique biological features, the breeding of high-yield varieties of legumes adapted to specific cultivation conditions, and new technologies will solve the problems that have arisen before agricultural production.
Keywords: legumes, soybean, pea, lupine, productivity, growth and development, stress factors, adapted varieties and production methods.
Author Details: G.G. Gataulina, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); M.E. Belyshkina, Cand. Sc. (Agr), assoc. prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Gataulina G.G., Belyshkina M.E. Soybean and Other Legumes: Produce or Import? Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 8. Pp. 5-11 (in Russ.).