V.M. Novikov, D.N. Koltsov, V.I. Tsys, O.V. Tatueva, D.V. Leutina
Smolensk Agricultural Research Institute, ul. Nakhimova, 21, Smolensk, 214025, Russian Federation
Smolensk State Academy of Agriculture, ul. Bol’shaya Sovetskaya, 10/2, Smolensk, 214000, Russian Federation
Abstract. We explored the opportunities to improve the competitiveness of purebred Brown Swiss cattle according to the productive qualities of 494 cows from breeding farms of Smolensk region. The studies were performed from 2011 to 2015 according to the standard techniques, applied in zootechnical science. According to the data about 74 cows with the milk yield over the highest lactation, the increase in milk capacity at the first lactation contributed to the realization of the genetic potential of dairy productivity. From the animals with the milk yield at the first lactation of more than 6000 kg it was obtained on average 6924 kg of milk for six subsequent lactations. This is higher by 1564 kg, or by 29.1%, in comparison with animals with the first milk yield at the level of less than 3000 kg. A method for determining the age of onset of puberty in replacement heifers has been developed. Bull calves and heifers were kept in separate rooms from three weeks of age. Heifers were constantly observed since the age of 6 months, the dates of appearance of signs of the first, second and third sexual hunting were registered. The age of sexual maturity was determined by the two adjacent complete sexual cycles. The directed cultivation of 420 heifers contributed to the obtaining on average of 4807 kg of milk with fat content of 4.14%, with a protein content of 3.44%, with a live weight of 513 kg; and milk yield of 44 cows exceeded 6000 kg. The average age of fruitful insemination is19 months; of them 53 animals, or 12.6%, were impregnated under the age of 16 months; 335 animals, or 79.8% – at the age of 17–23 months; 32 animals, or 7.6% – at the age of 2 years or older.
Keywords: Brown Swiss breed, competitiveness, replacement young animals, puberty, first milking of cows, bulls-improvers.
Author Details: V.M. Novikov, D. Sc. (Econ.), director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); D.N. Koltsov, Cand. Sc. (Аgr.), deputy director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.I. Tsys, D. Sc. (Аgr.), prof.; O.V. Tatueva, head of laboratory; D.V. Leutina, senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Novikov V.M., Koltsov D.N., Tsys V.I., Tatueva O.V., Leutina D.V. Possibilities of Competitiveness Increase of Brown Swiss Cattle. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 10. Pp. 66-68 (in Russ.).