B.A. Dorokhov, N.M. Vasil’eva
V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black-Earth Zone, kvartal 5, 81, pos. 2 uchastka Instituta imeni Dokuchaeva, Talovskii r-n, Voronezhskaya obl., 397463, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the work was to identify the opportunities for the breeding on the improvement of the adaptive capacity of varieties, and on the stabilization of grain production. The experiments were carried out in 2012–2017 under conditions of the southeast of the Central Chernozem region on medium thick ordinary chernozem of heavy loamy composition. We examined the parameters of yield, the content of protein and gluten in grain of seven varieties of winter wheat, determined the parameters of the condition index of the environment (Ij), coefficients of variation (V, %), regression (bj), the standard deviation from the regression line (S2dj), and ultrastability (Hom) for these indicators. The analysis of the calculated indices of environmental conditions suggests that three years out of six were favorable for yield formation, accumulation of protein and gluten. And only one year (2013) was favorable for the formation of all three indicators simultaneously. A consistent yield increase with each variety changing was noted. The difference between Chernozemnka 130, Bazalt 2 and Chernozemnka 188 (new generation varieties) and of Stepnaya 135 variety of early breeding reached 50.9–66.0%. The yields of all varieties were characterized by high ecological plasticity under local conditions (bj = 0.90–1.15). This new generation of varieties has a lower variability of yield (V = 25.1–27.9%) and greater ultrastability (Hom = 4.2–5.7), than the varieties of previous generations: Stepnaya 135, Bazalt, Krastal, Chernozemka 115 (V = 35.1–52.9%, Hom = 1.4–2.9). The stability of yield of all six modern varieties is higher (S2dj = 0.13–0.31) than of Stepnaya 135 (S2dj = 0.51). At higher yields, the varieties of the modern plant breeding either meet or are worse than Stepnaya 135 on the protein and gluten contents in grain. The best parameters of variability, plasticity, stability, and ultrastability in protein content were observed in Stepnaya 135, Bazalt and Chernozemka 130 varieties. It was not possible to select the best varieties on gluten content.
Keywords: variety; winter wheat; yield; grain quality; coefficient; variation; plasticity; stability; ultrastability.
Author Details: B.A. Dorokhov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N.M. Vasil’eva, senior researcher fellow.
For citation: Dorokhov B.A., Vasil’eva N.M. Plasticity and Stability of Winter Wheat Varieties According to Yield and Grain Quality. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 11. Pp. 39-42 (in Russ.).