V.N. Fomin, M.M. Nafikov, V.V. Medvedev, D.V. Yakimov
Tatar Institute of Professional Development in Agribusiness, ul. Orenburgskii trakt, 8, Kazan’, 420059, Russian Federation
Abstract.The investigation was carried out in 2014–2016 in the Western trans-Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. We studied two tillage methods against eight backgrounds of mineral nutrition for corn cultivation for green mass. We determined the dynamics of soil moisture, total water consumption, the coefficient of water consumption and the yield of green mass of corn. In 2014 in the variant with plowing the reserves of productive moisture before sowing was 120–124 mm, in 2015 – 133–137 mm, and in 2016 – 132–136 mm. At nonmoldboard cultivation the moisture content before sowing was higher by 3–5 mm. To the middle of the growing season (paniculation stage), in connection with the maximum consumption of water by corn plants, the moisture content in the soil decreased, however, the pattern according to the tillage methods kept the same. Most of the moisture in a meter layer of soil, both at plowing and at nonmoldboard cultivation was against the background of natural fertility. With the improvement of the conditions of mineral nutrition, the value of this parameter declined. The tillage methods did not have great influence on the total water consumption. Increase in the doses of anhydrous ammonia from 40 to 120 kg/ha against the PK background contributed to the growth of total water consumption, both during plowing and with nonmoldboard processing. On average for 3 years against the background of natural soil fertility, the harvest of green mass at plowing amounted to 14.03 t/ha, when fertilizers were applied for 40.0 t/ha of green mass – 34.16 t/ha, against the phosphorous and potassium background – 19.66 t/ha. Against the PK-background at the application of anhydrous ammonia in the dose of 40 kg/ha the yield was 26.06 t/ha, 60 kg/ha – 30.9 t/ha, 80 kg/ha – 35.23 t/ha, 100 kg/ha – 37.0 t/ha, 120 kg/ha – 38.7 t/ha. In the variants with nonmoldboard tillage, the harvest of green mass was lower than at plowing.
Keywords: corn; fertilizers; dynamics of soil moisture; total water consumption; coefficient of water consumption; yield of green mass.
Author Details: V.N. Fomin, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); M.M. Nafikov, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof.; V.V. Medvedev, post graduate student; D.V. Yakimov, post graduate student.
For citation: Fomin V.N., Nafikov M.M., Medvedev V.V., Yakimov D.V. Influence of Tillage Methods and Fertilizers on the Dynamics of Soil Moisture, Water Consumption and Corn Yield at the Cultivation for Silage. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 12. Pp. 12-16 (in Russ.).