Yu.I. Cheverdin, S.V. Saprykin, A.Yu. Cheverdin, A.N. Ryabtsev
V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black-Earth Zone, p/o Institut im. Dokuchaeva, uch.2, Talovskii r-n, Voronezhskaya obl., 397463, Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of our research was to study the transformation of physical characteristics of ordinary chernozem at different tillage technologies. The design of the experiment included the variants with soil overturning (plowing), subsurface, surface, and zero (direct seeding) cultivations. The soil of the experimental plot was heavy loamy ordinary chernozem with the medium content of humus. Field experiments were carried out in Pavlovsk district, Voronezh region on winter wheat crops. The results of the research showed a significant change in moisture conditions. In the technology of direct sowing it is registered dehydration of the soil profile up to the critical values – wilting moisture and below it. In the variant with plowing it did not fall below the interval “field moisture capacity-wilting moisture”. The productive moisture reserves for all phases of plant development were higher in the variants with mechanical tillage than at the direct seeding. In the ripening phase of winter wheat zero tillage led to a decrease in the moisture reserves in the soil horizon 0-100 cm from 28.7-31.7 mm to 6.5 mm. The negative effect of zero tillage on the moisture supply of plants is evident in all phases of development. The direct seeding contributed to the reliable compression of chernozem and formation of agrogenic-compacted soil horizons. The density of the soil at zero treatment was from (1.24 ± 0.028) g/cm3 to (1.30 ± 0.105) g/cm3, at plowing it was from (1.10 ± 0.052) g/cm3 to (1.15 ± 0.095) g/cm3. Soil compaction in the technology of direct seeding led to an increase in the share of blocky fraction up to 45.3 % vs. 27.1 % at the plowing. The degradation of physical parameters in the technology of direct seeding led to a reduction of productivity of winter wheat of 2.5 t/ha.
Keywords: chernozem, tillage, direct seeding, moisture, soil density, structure.
Author Details: Yu.I. Cheverdin, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of division (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S.V. Saprykin, post graduate student; A.Yu. Cheverdin, post graduate student; A.N. Ryabtsev, research fellow.
For citation: Cheverdin Yu.I., Saprykin S.V., Cheverdin A.Yu., Ryabtsev A.N. Transformation of Physical Characteristics of Chernozems as a Result of Agrogenic Impact. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 3. Pp. 5-11 (in Russ.).