ORGANIC FERTILIZER IS AN EFFECTIVE FACTOR OF SOIL IMPROVEMENT AND AN INDUCTOR OF ITS SUPPRESSIVE CAPACITY

M.S. Sokolov¹, Yu.Ya. Spidironov¹, A.P. Glinushkin¹, E.Yu. Toropova^1,2
1All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, ul. Institut, vl. 5, r.p. Bol’shie Vyazemy, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl.,143050, Russian Federation
²Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, ul. Dobrolyubova, 160, Novosibirsk, 630039, Russian Federation

Abstract. It is substantiated the necessity of increasing the use of organic fertilizers as a long-term, fundamental factor in stabilizing agricultural production, increasing the overall resistance of agro-ecosystems to different stressors, and also as the primary means of replenishment and reproduction of soil humus, and the obligatory condition of maintaining its health. The importance of soil improvement through induction of humification with the systematic application of organic fertilizers is demonstrated. The principal reasons of dehumification of treated soil are under consideration, the functional significance and diverse biotope ecological functions of humus and other organic natural products are analyzed, as well as their contribution to the sustainable functioning of terrestrial soil ecosystems. The features of organic fertilizers application in different cropping systems, including green manure fallows, as well as the techniques to maintain the soil humus are discussed. The high efficiency of these fertilizers in suppressing soil or root-tuber phytopathogens, in inducing the number of antagonists and increasing the suppressive capacity of the soil is shown. It is demonstrated that with the increased content of humus in the soil due to the growth of its suppressive activity a higher threshold level of phytopathogen population is admissible, which does not lead to a reduction of yield of the crop. It is considered the conditions and peculiarities of effective application of the organic fertilizers of the main types and forms: straw, root and crop residues, green manure crops, compost, various heat-recovery fertilizers – decontaminated waste products of farm animals, as well as non-traditional organic fertilizers (humic acid, charcoal, small organic and organic and mineral fertilizers, peat, sapropel). The potential reserves of Russia and the nutritional value of fossil, agrogenic, recycling and biotech organic fertilizers are discussed. It is criticized the unacceptably low level of their use in Russia, it is presented prospects and ways to increase the use of organic fertilizers with an emphasis on such reproducible, eco-friendly and cost-effective fertilizers as green manure crops, straw, stubble residues.

Keywords: humus; soil organic matter; organic fertilizer; resources of fertilizers; green manure crops; suppressive capacity; soil health; plant pathogens; humification; dehumification.

Author Details: M.S. Sokolov, member of the RAS, science advisor (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Yu.Ya. Spidironov, member of the RAS, head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.P. Glinushkin, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E.Yu. Toropova, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory, prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).

For citation: Sokolov M.S., Spidironov Yu.Ya., Glinushkin A.P., Toropova E.Yu. Organic Fertilizer Is an Effective Factor of Soil Improvement and an Inductor of Its Suppressive Capacity. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 1. Pp. 4-12 (in Russ.).