V.M. Kosolapov, S.I. Kostenko, S.V. Pilipko, V.S. Klochova
V.R. Williams All-Russian Fodder Research Institute, Nauchnyi gorodok, k. 1, LobnyaMoskovskaya obl., 141055, Russian Federation
Abstract. The experiments were carried out in 2000–2017 in V.R. Williams All-Russian Fodder Research Institute and other research institutions. We compared the effectiveness of methods for obtaining genetic sources of cereal grasses to accelerate the development of new varieties with specified properties for different regions. When we developed new varieties of perennial grasses, depending on the purposes of use (hayfields, pastures, reclamation, gardening, sports grounds, raw materials for energy), a sharply contrasting source material was used. We used hybrid samples, samples from various countries and continents of the world, unique donor constructions and mutant forms. For varieties of different purposes, it is advisable to use separate groups of genetic sources. We exchanged ready raw material between scientific institutions and collected our own expeditionary samples. For 18 years, 4520 plant species were collected in nature, obtained by exchange from other institutions, created by hybridization, selected against infectious backgrounds or in extreme habitats, studied in various breeding nurseries. Six hundred and forty selection samples were sent to other scientific institutions. Proper environmental use of this material allowed to obtain 21 promising varieties of grasses for various purposes (hayfields, pastures, growing in grass mixtures, lawn use) for 2002–2018 in .R. Williams All-Russian Fodder Research Institute, together with the experimental stations and other institutions with which the scientists of the Institute of Fodder are cooperating within the framework of the non-profit union of cereal breeders. With the optimal selection of genetic sources, the time of the development of a variety, adapted for a specific area, reduced to 6–8 years.
Keywords: breeding; perennial grasses; variety; genetic source; ecological test.
Author Details: V.M. Kosolapov, member of the RAS, D. Sc.(Agr.), director(e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S.I. Kostenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S.V. Pilipko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; V.S. Klochova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Kosolapov V.M., Kostenko S.I., Pilipko S.V., Klochova V.S. Application of Genetic Resources of Cereal Grasses in Breeding of Specialized Varieties. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 2. Pp. 12-16 (in Russ.). DOI:10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10203.