A.A. Kutuzova, D.M. Teberdiyev, K.N. Privalova, A.V. Rodionova, E.E. Provornaja, N.V. Zhezmer
V.R. Williams Federal Scientific Center of Fodder Production and Agroecology, Nauchnyi gorodok, k. 1, Lobnya, Moskovskaya obl., 141055, Russian Federation
Abstract. The native fodder land (92.5 million hectares on 01/01/2017) is an important reserve for increasing fodder production. Taking into account the diversity of natural forage lands and limited resources, the development of multivariate meadow management systems using energy-saving technologies is of great importance. The generalization of the studies conducted on the basis of the All-Russian Research Fodder Institute (Moscow region), allows us to substantiate the leading directions of the development of meadow cultivation in other areas. The scientific basis for the selection of effective technologies is the return on anthropogenic costs by collecting exchange energy of 5–13 times due to the high proportion of natural renewable factors (79–92%) in the production process. The native pastures area is 68.4 million hectares in the country. The sizes of accumulation of biological nitrogen (from 50 to 190 kg/ha) are experimentally substantiated depending on the content of legumes (from 14 to 48–56%) in the herbage, according to this the productivity of 1 hectare of pasture rises from 2.0 to 4,500–7,300 feed units. With the keeping of cows on cultivated pastures, the improvement in the quality of milk was experimentally proved by the concentration of protein in it (from 3.0 to 3.26%), vitamins, microelements, biological value and technological properties for processing it into cheeses and condensed milk. Internal organs, as well as the skeleton of animals, better develop at pasture keeping of repair young animals. The total costs for pasture feeding are 1.6 times lower than in stall-keeping, fuel consumption reduces 7 times, labor of machine operators decreases 2 times. Taking into account the needs of dairy and beef cattle breeding, as well as sheep breeding, it is expedient to create cultural pastures on an area of 7–8 million hectares.
Keywords: native fodder land; pastures; multivariate technologies; fertilizers; biological nitrogen; quality of fodder and milk.
Author Details: A.A. Kutuzova, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); D.M. Teberdiyev, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division; K.N. Privalova, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; A.V. Rodionova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; E.E. Provornaja, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; N.V. Zhezmer, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Kutuzova A.A., Teberdiev D.M., Rodionova A.V., Zhezmer N.V, Provornaya E.E. Main Directions of the Development of Meadow Fodder Production in Russia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 2. Pp. 17-20 (in Russ.). DOI:10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10204.