V.M. Kosolapow, S.I. Kostenko, S.V. Pilipko
V.R. Williams Federal Scientific Center of Fodder Production and Agroecology, Nauchnyi gorodok, k. 1, Lobnya, Moskovskaya obl., 141055, Russian Federation
Abstract. For the rational organization of fodder production, specialized types of herbs are very important; the expansion of their crops will solve the problem of sufficient feed with the right content of crude protein, increase the supply of humus and biological nitrogen to the soil, and increase the yield of subsequent crops. The absence of unified scientific programs, created taking into account not only the capabilities of certain institutions, but also the needs of regions and the country as a whole, leads to the predominance of varieties of individual crops in some territories, and to the deficit in many regions of varieties developed for their conditions, which leads to harvest shortage from poorly adapted varieties. The main shortcomings of existing forage grass varieties are insufficient resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, the absence of variety systems due to the uneven distribution of complex breeding institutions throughout the country (for example, in Moscow region, Sverdlovsk region, Krasnodar there are powerful centers from several institutions, and in others places for several thousand kilometers there are missing even seed farms), the low quality of some varieties, especially those derived in past years (they were estimated at high yields, while not taking into account the structure, leaf coverage, protein content). The variety testing system is not sufficiently developed in the country; often specialized varieties (pasture, for grass mixtures, for certain habitats: marshes, deserts, solonetzes) cannot compete successfully with ordinary varieties, because test plots are located on the most fertile land. This leads to a shortage of specialized varieties, adapted to the specific conditions of the region and, as a consequence, to the shortage of high-quality forages. The extensiveness of the territory of Russia requires a substantial expansion of the species composition of fodder plants and their obligatory specialization.
Keywords: variety; fodder crops; variety system; breeding; stability; feed quality.
Author Details: V.M. Kosolapow, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, director; S.I. Kostenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S.V. Pilipko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Kosolapow V.M., Kostenko S.I., Pilipko S.V. Directions and Tasks of Breeding of Forage Grasses in Russia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 2. Pp. 21-24 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10205.