A.A. Kutuzova, D.M. Teberdiyev, A.V. Rodionova, N.V. Zhezmer, E.E. Provornaja
V.R. Williams Federal Scientific Center of Fodder Production and Agroecology, Nauchnyi gorodok, k. 1, Lobnya, Moskovskaya obl., 141055, Russian Federation
Abstract. The area of native hayfields in the country is 24 million hectares (01/01/2017). Given the implementation of modern scientific developments, it can be justified to consider it as a great innovative resource for increasing the production of bulky feed. In V.R. Williams All-Russian Fodder Research Institute (Moscow region) three long-term experiments were carried out, allowing to give practical suggestions for the forest zone. The same principles for the modernization of natural haymaking can be used in other zones. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of haying management systems for the last 25 years. Valuable phytocenoses survived in a technogenic-mineral system (N(90–180)PK) for 71 years. At fertilizer application the productivity of 1 ha was 4,300–6,900 feed units, which is 1.8–2.7 times more than in the technogenic system; the content of digestible protein per 1 feed unit increased from 80 to 105–122 g. It is recommended an integrated system against the background of PK, in which the source of nitrogen is wild-growing species of leguminous grasses, and an organic system (20 t/ha manure once in 4 years) for livestock farms. For the production of energy-saturated raw materials in the preparation of haylage and silage, a composition of early and mid-ripening grass mixtures was developed. The productivity of 1 hectare on average for 23 years of use with three-fold mowing (per season) against the background of N180P35K160 was 6,000–6,900 feed units and 1157–1278 kg of crude protein. For the late link, the technology of creation of legume-cereal hayfields is improved with the use of new zoned varieties of bastard alfalfa, change of the forecrop, seed inoculation with complementary strains of Rhizobium, use of the biological properties of hard seeds of legumes. The productivity of 1 hectare of herbage against the background of P50K110 was 5,900–6,400 feed units, 1280–1400 kg of crude protein on average for 7 years of use. One kilogram of dry matter contained 0.67–0.69 feed units with the provision by the digestible protein of 135–150 g/feed unit. For the preparation of hay, haylage or grass silage, it is recommended to create a simple conveyor, including early and mid-ripening cereals herbage, as a late link – alfalfa-cereal herbage.
Keywords: native and sown hayfields; technological systems; grass mixtures composition; mowing regime; feed quality; productivity; efficiency of fertilizers and alfalfa seeds.
Author Details: A.A. Kutuzova, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); D.M. Teberdiyev, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division; A.V. Rodionova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; N.V. Zhezmer, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; E.E. Provornaja, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Kutuzova A.A., Teberdiev D.M., Rodionova A.V., Zhezmer N.V., Provornaya E.E. Innovative Resource of Production of High-Quality Bulky Feeds on Native Hayfields. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 2. Pp. 40-43 (in Russ.). DOI:10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10210.