A.G. Krasnoperov, N.I. Buyankin, N.Yu. Chekster
Kaliningrad Research Agricultural Institute – the branch of the Federal Scientific Center of Fodder Production and Agroecology Institute”, per. Molodezhnyi, 9, pos. Slavyanskoe, Polesskii r-n, Kaliningradskaya obl., 238651, Russian Federation
Abstract. In 2017 we carried out an experiment in the test field in Kaliningrad region within the Polesie moraine plains. The purpose of the experiment was to establish the relationship between the physical parameters of sod-podzol soil and its microbiological activity in mixed crops of four crop rotations of winter and spring legume-grasses. The soil was drained by a closed tile drainage system. A study of agrochemical properties of an arable horizon (0–20 cm) in plots of 100 m2 with single-species and mixed crops of winter and spring legume-grass crops was carried out in two four-field and two five-field crop rotations. The object was the microorganisms of the arable horizon, living in soil particles with a size from 1 to 10 mm. We studied the structure, density, moisture capacity, microbial cenosis of sod-podzol soil, the influence of legumes on the activation of soil processes. In soil aggregates of various sizes (1–2 mm, 2–3 mm, 3–5 mm, 5–10 mm, more than 10 mm), the number of ammonifiers and carbon immobilizers was larger in fine fractions. The increase in the size of the mesoaggregates caused a decrease in the activity of the mineralizers, the coefficient of pair correlation between the values of these parameters was r = -0.95 ± 0.11. The total biogenesity of the soil was 58–207 million/g, respiration rate was 27–42 CO2 mg/kg. Under the influence of green manure and environment-forming crops and plant residues in the soil, an active transformation of humic substances took place. The number of pedotrophs was 11–14 million/g, of actinomycetes – 1–5 million/g, fungi – 31–69 thousand/g of soil. By regulating the structural state of sod-podzol soils, one can influence the number of soil microorganisms determining the intensity of soil-biological processes occurring in the soil, and, as a consequence, its fertility.
Keywords: sod-podzol soil, sizes of soil aggregates, microbial cenosis, environment-forming and green manure cultures, crop rotation.
Author Details: A.G. Krasnoperov, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N.I. Buyankin, . Sc. (Agr.), director; N.Yu. Chekster, junior research fellow.
For citation: Krasnoperov A.G., Buyankin N.I., Chekster N.Yu. Influence of the Structure of Sod-Podzol Soil on Activation of Soil and Biological Processes in Mixed Crops. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 2. Pp. 48-51 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10212.