A. V. Korshunov1, E. A. Simakov2, Yu. N. Lysenko3, B. V. Anisimov2, A. V. Mityushkin2, M. Yu. Gaitov1
1All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, ul. Institut, vl. 5, r.p. Bol’shie Vyazemy, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl.,143050, Russian Federation
2A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming, ul. Lorkha, 23, pos. Kraskovo, Lyuberetskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 140051, Russian Federation
3Penza Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Michurina, 1B, r. p. Lunino, Penzenskaya obl., 442731, Russian Federation
Abstract. According to the results of an analysis of usage efficiency of potato assortment, among 420 potato varieties from the State Register only 210 varieties, or 50.0%, are cultivated in the production. Moreover, among 11 leading varieties, there are only 3 Russian varieties, which account for 18.2% of the total volume of certified seed potato, used in commodity plantings. In general, over the last decade, the share of domestic varieties in the total volume of seed potato decreased by 29.6% and that of foreign varieties increased by 25.9%. To overcome the dependence of producers on the import of foreign seed material, to meet the increased requirements for consumer and cooking quality of tubers of potato varieties and the structure of the target use of the crop, new promising varieties of potato are proposed. Priority directions of improvement of breeding and seed growing of potato for the nearest and long-term prospects are defined. A system of measures for the development of breeding and seed production of potato is proposed, which contributes to the efficiency of development and utilization of the potential of domestic varieties, to the increase in the volume of production of high-quality seed material of high sowing standards. When potato is cultivated in farmer and peasant farms that have limited land areas, specialized crop rotations with a high potato saturation up to 75–100% (by analogy with a crop rotation in greenhouses) and obligatory intermediate sideration can be recommended. To improve the environment and reproduction of soil fertility, first of all, to maintain a no-deficit balance of humus, it is necessary to use a set of green manure crops (winter rye, hairy vetch, white mustard) and observe the regulations for their placement in crop rotations of potato specialization in combination with a plowing of cut straw of cereals and clover aftergrass.
Keywords: potato; assortment; competitiveness; target use; quality of seed material; diagnostics of phytopathogens; certified seed potato; soil fertility; crop rotation; sideration; intermediate crops.
Author Details: A. V. Korshunov, D. Sc. (Agr.), corresponding member of the RAS; E. A. Simakov, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division; Yu. N. Lysenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division; B. V. Anisimov, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), head of division; A. V. Mityushkin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory; M. Yu. Gaitov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), research fellow.
For citation: Korshunov A. V., Simakov E. A., Lysenko Yu. N., Anisimov B. V., Mityushkin A.V., Gaitov M. Yu. Actual Problems and Priority Directions of Innovative Development of Potato Breeding. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 3. Pp. 12-20 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10303.