N. V. Perfilyev, O. A. Vyushina, V. N. Timofeev
Research Agricultural Institute of the Northern Trans-Urals – the branch of the Federal Research Center of Tyumen’ Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Burlaki, 2, pos. Moskovskii, Tyumenskii r-n, Tyumenskaya obl., 625501, Russian Federation
Abstract.The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary experiment in Tyumen region in 2008–2012. The aim was to determine the effect of the prolonged application of tillage systems of different intensity on weed infestation of crops and productivity of cereals. The work was performed during the 5th rotation of a grain-fallow crop rotation (bare fallow – winter rye – spring wheat – spring wheat – spring barley) in the fields of spring wheat after winter rye and spring barley. The soil of the experimental plot was dark-gray forest, heavy loamy. Before the beginning of the experiment, the content of humus in the layer of 0–20 cm in the fields of the crop rotation was 4.2–5.0%, pH(KCl) was 6.0–6.4. Against a background of herbicide application during the years of the research, 19 main weed species were observed in the amount of 140–190 plants/m2 in the tillering phase, with a decrease to the end of crop vegetation to 11 species and 4.6–14.3 plants/m2. Systems with the presence of deep moldboard treatments contributed to the decrease in the number of weeds. Nine species were found at all tillage systems, others were confined either to deep moldboard treatments or to small surface ones. The ratio and the number of species of weed plants changed in the direction of increasing the proportion of the cereal component to the final field of the crop rotation. Annual dicotyledonous species amounted to 45.8–60.3% with a decrease against the background of shallow surface treatments, the share of perennial plants in the total weed cenosis was 2.2–15.3%, with a decrease by 80–85% in the variants with deep moldboard tillage. The degree of infestation and, accordingly, the weight of weeds during rotation increased two times in the case of subsurface cultivation. On average, during the years of the research, the yield of wheat, cultivated after winter rye, in resource-saving systems did not yield to the variant with the moldboard system, and it was 2.9–3.2 t/ha. The barley productivity was 3.28–3.62 t/ha. In the control, in the case of moldboard tillage system, the values of these parameters were 3.10 and 3.62 t/ha, respectively.
Keywords: tillage; spring wheat; spring barley; weed infestation; weeds; yield.
Author Details: N. V. Perfilyev, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow; O. A. Vyushina, research fellow; V. N. Timofeev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Perfilyev N. V., Vyushina O. A., Timofeev V. N. Ratio of Weed Species under the Influence of Crop Rotation Types and Tillage System under Conditions of the North Тrans-Urals. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 5. Pp. 35-40 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10509.