V. A. Zakharenko
Federal Research Center «Nemchinovka», ul. Agrokhimikov, 6, pos. Novoivanovskoe, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 143026, Russian Federation
Abstract. It is presented the results of the assessment of the dynamics of grain production in connection with the improvement of the phytosanitary state of the agroecosystems of Russia, the potential and effectiveness of plant protection in the pre-reform period in the USSR (1986–1990) and for the 25-year period in transition to a market economy (2011–2015). The low level of farming culture during the reform period, associated with the unfavorable phytosanitary condition of grain agroecosystems, led to the withdrawal of more than a third of the sown area from circulation (over 20 million hectares) with unprofitable grain production. At the current level of farming and the phytosanitary state of the agroecosystems, high risks of crop losses remained on the area, sown with cereals. They are estimated at a level of 34.32 million tons of grain annually in 2011–2015 (36.71% with a gross yield of 93.5 million tons). Part of crop losses is prevented by an integrated plant protection system, including methods and means of chemical and non-chemical protection of plants. The effectiveness of chemical protection of plants (based on the use of pesticides) in terms of preserved yield from pests, diseases and weeds is 11 million tons (32.07% of the potential level of crop prevention), with a relatively high level of profitability of 67.7%, which is higher than that of grain production as a whole (24.9%). The presented data testify to the economic feasibility of expanding the rational system for the protection of cereals in Russia.
Keywords: agroecosystems; grain crops; plant protection system; plant protection potential; chemical and non-chemical plant protection; plant protection efficiency.
Author Details: V. A. Zakharenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Zakharenko V. A. Economic Expediency of the System of Grain Crop Protection in Russia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 7. Pp. 5–8. (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10701.