N. I. Budynkow, S. N. Mikhaleva
All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, ul. Institut, vl. 5, r.p. Bol’shie Vyazemy, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl.,143050, Russian Federation
Abstract. Agents of fungi diseases and mold of chickpea seeds, cotyledons of plants, perishing germs from farms in the south of Russia were studied in order to develop the directions of control of negative consequences of accumulation of the disease agents. Seeds without disinfection and with surface disinfection with a 96% solution of ethanol for 1 minute, as well as cotyledons and seedlings without sterilization, but with washing them with sterile water to account for their colonization by microscopic fungi at the rate of 100 seeds (seedlings, cotyledons) per sample were used. All samples were placed on Capek’s nutrient medium in Petri dishes. The incubation was carried out in a thermostat at a temperature of +23–+25 C. A total of 216 samples of seeds were analyzed, among them there were 1 ungerminated seed, 3 perishing seedlings, 26 plants with cotyledons in the second half of the vegetation. The microbiota was analyzed on the 7th day of incubation according to the form of sporulation organs under a microscope. The density of total colonization by mold pathogens (Mucor spp., Aspergillus spp.. Penicillium spp.) of the surface of chickpea seeds in samples was 121–150%; for the internal infection it was 91–120%. The majority of chickpea seed samples infected with pathogenic fungi were colonized by weakly pathogenic Alternaria (the proportion of samples, infected on the surface was 63%, the proportion of samples, infected was 50%). Pathogens, particularly dangerous for the development of chickpea plants (Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, Botrytis cinerea, Ascochyta rabiei), infected 27.3% of samples. Their internal infection was observed in 13.4% of samples at a density of colonization of 0–30%. To control diseases, caused by the dangerous pathogens, seeds should be treated with effective systemic fungicides at the initial stages of plant development. After sowing, the number of Aspergillus spp. decreased on germinating seeds, and the number of Fusarium spp. increased. On cotyledons with chickpea plants F. oxysporum dominated (with frequencies of 50–90%), accompanied by F. solani (10–90%). Cotyledons with such amount pathogens are dangerous for chickpea plants as a constant source of infection.
Keywords: chickpea; seeds; micromycetes; pathogens; mold agents; colonization; disease; cotyledons; agrocenosis; protectant.
Author Details: N. I. Budynkow, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S. N. Mikhaleva, research fellow.
For citation: Budynkow N. I., Mikhaleva S. N. Diseases of Chickpea in the South of European Russia. Seed Infection. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 7. Pp. 31–35 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10707.