A. S. Motorin
Research Agricultural Institute of the Northern Trans-Urals – the branch of the Federal Research Center of Tyumen’ Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Burlaki, 2, pos. Moskovskii, Tyumenskii r-n, Tyumenskaya obl., 625501, Russian Federation
Abstract. A complex assessment of peat quality on the group composition of organic matter, agrochemical and water-physical properties was carried out in order to determine the possibility of its use as organic fertilizers. Organic mass of peat has a complex and heterogeneous composition. The content of “bitumen” is 6.6–10.6% and does not reveal any connection with the botanical composition and degree of peat decomposition. The group of easy hydrolysable compounds is represented by labile carbohydrates at 36.3–55.8%. The share of humic substances is from 43.6 to 55.1% of the organic part of peat. The amount of lignin (4.8–6.8%) in peat is 2.8 times more than the content of cellulose, which is often consistent with the reduction of hard hydrolysable compounds. Valley peat from Tarmanskoye bog has a subacid reaction of the soil solution (pH was 5.2–5.9), which is favourable for agricultural crops. The total nitrogen content in peat exceeds 3% (3.0–3.9%). Its main part (over 90%) is in the form of organic compounds and becomes available for plants after pet application into the soil together with small doses of nitrogen fertilizers (N30–45). When the peat is mineralized, the accumulation of phosphorus does not occur due to its low gross reserves (0.04–0.24%) and its binding by microorganisms. By the gross amount (0.02–0.05%), potassium occupies the last place among macronutrients. Almost all potassium is in a mobile form, and its application into mineral soils optimizes the potassium regime to some extent. Low bulk density (0.15–0.16 g/cm3) and high total water capacity (450–550%) of peat ensure the expediency of its use for decompaction of an arable layer of zonal soils, heavy in granulometric composition, and for a significant increase in the moisture capacity of light sod-podzol soils.
Keywords: peat; organic matter; fertility; agrochemical, water-physical properties; humus; nutrients.
Author Details: A. S. Motorin, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Motorin A. S. Peat is an Important Resource for the Development of Agriculture in Tyumen Region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 8. Pp. 17–20 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10804.