S. N. Nekoval’, O. A. Maskalenko, A. K. Churikova
All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection, Krasnodar, p/o 39, 350039, Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of the research was to assess the efficacy of biological protection of tomato against leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum Cooke) in sheltered ground. The research was carried out in 2017–2018 at the premises of an experimental greenhouse of the All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection. The soil was leached chernozem, thick, heavy loamy, the humus content was 4%, the pH value was 6.7. The object of the research was tomato ‘Titan’ (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum), originated in the Crimean experimental breeding station and the North-Caucasus Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture. To control tomato leaf mold, three-fold treatment of vegetating plants was carried out in the phase of flowering and formation of fruits with Pseudobacterin-2, liquid (Pseudomonas aureofaciens, strain BS 1393, titer 2 x 10E9 CFU/mL); Pseudobacterin-3, liquid (Pseudomonas aureofaciens, strain VKM-2391, titer 2 x 10E9 CFU/mL); Abiga-Pik, water suspension (copper oxychloride). All preparations were used in the dose of 3L/ha. The control was not treated. At the primary signs of leaf mold, it is advisable to apply biological protection products (Pseudobacterin-2 and Pseudobacterin-3). Their biological efficacy in 2017–2018 was 75.1–77.1% and 74.3–73.7% in 10 days after the third treatment; the economic efficiency was 48.9–51.1% and 52.2–54.3%, respectively. The chemical fungicide Abiga-Peak also showed a high biological (72.3–75.4%) and economic efficiency (33.3–34.8%). On average for two years of the research, Pseudobacterin-2 and Pseudobacterin-3 had a positive effect on the weight of fruits from one bush. It was higher by 1.0–1.1 kg more in comparison with the control and by 0.7–0.8 kg in comparison with the chemical fungicide. Thus, the constant monitoring of crops, correct and timely application of biological preparations provide a sufficiently high level of protection and do not require chemical measures to control pests.
Keywords: tomato; efficiency; biological; chemical; distribution; development; leaf mold; cladosporiosis; sheltered ground; fungicide.
Author Details: S. N. Nekoval’, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O. A. Maskalenko, junior research fellow; A. K. Churikova, research assistant.
For citation: Nekoval’ S. N., Maskalenko O. A., Churikova A. K. Biological Protection of Tomato against Leaf Mold (Сladosporium fulvum Сooke) in Sheltered Ground // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 8. Pp. 25–27 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10806.