E. O. Shestakova, F. V. Eroshenko, I. G. Storchak, L. R. Oganyan
North-Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center, ul. Nikonova, 49, Mikhailovsk, Shpakovskii r-n, Stavropol’skii krai, 356241, Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of the research was to study the responsiveness of new varieties of winter wheat to various elements of cultivation technology in order to develop recommendations for their use in production. The studies were carried out in 2015–2017 in the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropol Krai. The soil was ordinary chernozem, medium thick, low-humic, heavy loamy. The following varieties of winter wheat, originated from the North-Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center were studied: Zustrich, Stavka, Slava, Stat’, Anisimovka. The responsiveness of plants to the use of various elements of cultivation technology was calculated as a percentage of the increase in the yield to the control. The area of the test plot was 25 m2, the replication was threefold. Backgrounds of mineral nutrition were the control without fertilizers and a fertilized background: N60P60K60 before sowing and N30 in early spring. Forecrops were fallow and winter wheat. Seeding rates were 4, 5 and 6 million grains/ha. Terms of sowing were early (September 15–20), optimal (September 30–October 5) and late (October 15–20). Zustrich variety was not exacting to the forecrop (40.5%) and the level of mineral nutrition (26.9%), it is suitable for early and optimal sowing terms (4.29 t/ha) and was tolerant to seeding rates. Stavka was exacting to the forecrop (53.6%) and the level of mineral nutrition (37.7%), it is recommended for optimum terms and seeding rates (4.85 t/ha). Slava variety was poorly demanding to the forecrop (44.7%) and highly demanding to the level of mineral nutrition (35.0%); it is suitable for optimal (4.94 t/ha) and late (4.75 t/ha) sowing dates. Stat’ is an early-ripening variety with a high demand to forecrops (51.1%) and a medium demand to mineral fertilizers (33.2%); it is tolerant to the sowing time; increased seeding rates are unacceptable (3.97 t/ha). Anisimovka is a late-ripening variety with moderate requirements to the forecrop (48.0%) and a low one to the level of mineral nutrition (30.6%); it is recommended for optimum sowing terms (4.81 t/ha) and is tolerant to seeding rates.
Keywords: winter wheat; yield; variety; forecrop; level of mineral nutrition; sowing terms; seeding rates.
Author Details: E. O. Shestakova, (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); F. V. Eroshenko, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of division; I. G. Storchak, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; L. R. Oganyan, post graduate student.
For citation: Shestakova E. O., Eroshenko F. V., Storchak I. G., Oganyan L. R. Reaction of New Varieties of Winter Wheat on Different Elements of Cultivation Technology. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 8. Pp. 35–38. (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10809.