S. V. Pas’ko, A. V. Fedyushkin
Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, ul. Institutskaya, 1, pos. Rassvet, Aksaiskii r-n, Rostovskaya obl., 346735, Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of the research was to optimize the mineral nutrition of spring wheat ‘Donskaya Elegia’. The work was carried out in 2016–2017 in Rostov region in a stationary experiment with the long-term systematic use of fertilizers. The design of the experiment included the following options: without fertilizers (control); N40; N90; P60; P90; K60; K90; N40P60; N40K60; N40P60K60; N90P90K90. Water consumption by spring wheat plants, yield and balance of nutrients were taken into account. The soil of the experimental site was ordinary chernozem, short-term freezing; the replication was three-fold; the area of the plot was 140 m2; the agrotechnics was that, recommended for the zone. Direct application of mineral fertilizers reduced the consumption of moisture for the production of a unit of dry matter of plants to 43.9–46.4% due to more productive use of water. In the variant of application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N90P90K90 for spring wheat, the water consumption coefficient was the lowest (429–411 m3/t), which is associated with the optimal moisture consumption for the formation of a dry matter unit of wheat. In all variants, mineral fertilizers significantly increased the yield of spring wheat. The highest value of this parameter (3.81 t/ha) was in the variant of fertilizer application in the dose of N90P90K90. Only this option provided a positive balance of nutrients in the soil: 10 kg/ha of nitrogen, 52 kg/ha of phosphorus and 17 kg/ha of potassium. The highest payback was achieved when using only nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N40 (14 kg/kg of active substances). The introduction of complete mineral fertilizer at the dose of N90P90K90 provided the value of this indicator in the amount of 6.7 kg/kg of active substances.
Keywords: spring wheat; mineral nutrition; fertilizer dose; yield; fertilizer payback.
Author Details: S. V. Pas’ko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. V. Fedyushkin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), research fellow.
For citation: Pas’ko S. V., Fedyushkin A. V. Optimization of Mineral Nutrition of Spring Wheat on Ordinary Chernozem // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 10. Pp. 33–36 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-11007.