V. I. Chinarov
Federal Scientific Center of Animal Husbandry – L. K. Ernst All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, pos. Dubrovitsy, 60, Podol’skii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 142132, Russian Federation
Abstract. We developed economic bases for assessing the competitive capacity of dairy and dairy-beef breeds of cattle on a set of economically useful traits. To assess the competitive advantages of dairy breeds, we used data from yearbooks on breeding in dairy animal husbandry in farms of the Russian Federation for 2013–2016. The cattle were assessed according to indicators, characterizing the productivity and the ability for expanded reproduction (milk fat and protein output per lifetime day, beef production per cow for the period of productive use, number of heifers for breeding marketing per cow). The efficiency of use of an animal increases with decreasing age of the first calving and increasing the duration of productive use. For each indicator, the coefficient of the significance of the breed was calculated by dividing by the indicator of a breed with the lowest absolute value; based on their summation, the breed was assigned a rating. The highest rating (R-1) was given to the Kostromskaya breed with the output of 719 g of fat and protein per day of life, 576 kg of beef and 1.06 heifers for sale per cow. The Holstein breed, with the highest milk production (835 g), but very low adaptability to breeding conditions (0.2 heifers for breeding marketing) and meat productivity (311 kg of beef per cow), was in last place (P-12). The Bestuzhevskaya (P-2), Kholmogorskaya (P-3), Sychevskaya (P-4), Simmental (P-5) and Yaroslavskaya (P-6) breeds had a high rating. From 2009 to 2016, the productivity and the period of economic use of animals were growing in Russia. For the Kostromskaya breed, milk yield for 305 days of lactation increased by 22.8% and reached 5549 kg, with an increase in the age of cow’s disposal by 18.4%. For the Holstein breed, the values of these parameters were 26.4%, 8100 kg and 13.1%, respectively.
Keywords: competitive capacity; breed; dairy cattle breeding; expanded reproduction.
Author Details: V. I. Chinarov, D. Sc. (Econ.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Chinarov V. I. Assessment of Competitive Capacity of Dairy Cattle Breeds. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 10. Pp. 74–78 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-11017.