V. E. Zinchenko, A. V. Grinko, V. A. Kulygin, N. N. Vasetsky
Federal Rostov agricultural research center, ul. Institutskaya. 1, pos. Rassvet, Rostovskaya obl., 346735, Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of the research was to identify the optimal combination of tillage methods and mineral nutrition levels in the cultivation of soybean in the aspect of resource-saving. The research was carried out in the Rostov region in the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Semikarakorsky” (2011–2013) with Tavria variety and R&D Company “Rassvet” (2015–2017) with Cossack Woman (“Kazachka”) variety. Soils of these experimental plots were represented by ordinary chernozem. It was studied three variants of the main tillage: moldboard (control), nonmoldboard (chisel), zero (surface) and three mineral nutrition backgrounds: high (N60P60K60 and N80P80K80), medium (N30P30K30 and N40P40K40), without fertilizers (control). During the experiments, conventional methods were used. The periods of the greatest water demand of the crop during the years of the research were characterized by a deficit of productive soil moisture in the layer of 1 m: for the period of fruit formation water reserves did not exceed 73–82 mm in Semikarakorsky and 81–88 mm in Rassvet. Moldboard tillage enabled to obtain larger yield, which was 1.17–1.40 t/ha for Tavria variety and 1.30–1.95 t/ha for Cossack Woman variety. Under nonmoldboard and chisel treatments of the soil the soybean yield decreased by 0.01–0.05 t/ha (0.7–4.3%) and 0.06–0.12 t/ha (4.6–6.2%), respectively, in comparison with the control. The decrease with zero and surface treatments was similar, but higher: 12.1–13.2% and 29.2–41.0%. The average background of mineral nutrition, regardless of the cultivation method, contributed to an increase in soybean yield by 0.10–0.13 t/ha (9.8–11.6%) in Tavria variety and by 0.17–0.40 t/ha (18.5–30.6%) in Cossack Woman variety in comparison with the control. The high background of fertilizers provided similar increases by 0.21–0.27 t/ha (19.7–24.1%) and 0.23–0.65 t/ha (25.0–50.0%), respectively. For Tavria variety the fertilizer application was the most efficient in the variant of nonmoldboard treatment at the rate of N60P60K60, where 1.5 kg of additional products were obtained per 1 kg of applied fertilizers. For Cossack Woman variety, the highest rate was obtained after moldboard processing and the average fertilizer background (N40P40K40), amounting to 3.33 kg/kg.
Keywords: soybean; fertilizers; tillage; yield; increase.
Author Details: V. E. Zinchenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. V. Grinko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), deputy director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. A. Kulygin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N. N. Vasetsky, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Zinchenko V. E., A. Grinko V., Kulygin V. A., Vasetsky N. N. Peculiarities of Soybean Cultivation on Ordinary Chernozem in the Rostov Region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 12. Pp. 12–14 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-11203.