V. R. Gabdullin, L. A. Garayeva
Station of Agrochemical Service “Mariiskaya”, ul. Tel’mana, 56A, Ioshkar-Ola, Respublika Marii El, 424005, Russian Federation
Abstract. This study was conducted with the purpose of analysing the dynamics of the main agrochemical indicators of soil fertility in the Mari El Republic during the 1965–2016 period. Here, the total area of agricultural land accounts for 703.6 thousand hectares, including 431.6 thousand hectares of arable land, 97.2 thousand hectares of forage land, 42.1 thousand hectares of hayfields, 4.9 thousand hectares of perennial plantations, 127.8 thousand hectares of fallow lands. According to the results obtained during the first cycle of the study, the weighted average pH of arable land was 5.07 units, while the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium (by the Kirsanov method) was 53.9 and 95.0 mg / kg of soil, respectively. The content of humus (by the Tyurin method) amounted to 2.28 %. These values indicated a low level of soil fertility, which required urgent measures. As a result of large-scale efforts aimed at liming (up to 105 thousand hectares per year) and phosphorylation (up to 83 thousand hectares per year), as well as at introducing high rates of organic and mineral fertilizers (up to 9.4 tons and 198 kg of active ingredient per 1 ha of arable land, respectively), most indicators had improved by the 1990–1995 period. Thus, the weighted average reaction of the soil solution shifted to the neutral range, reaching the value of 5.77 units. The pH, mobile phosphorus and potassium content values increased to 226.4 and 126.7 mg per 1 kg of soil, respectively. In the subsequent period, due to a significant decrease in the use of organic and mineral fertilizers (up to 1.0–1.7 tons and 11.0–14.5 kg of active ingredient per 1 ha of arable land, respectively), as well as the complete cessation of chemical amelioration, the soil fertility began to deteriorate. Currently, the soils in the Republic are characterized by a low humus content (1.79%), slightly acidic and close to neutral pH levels (5.65 pH units), as well as an increased and medium availability of mobile phosphorus (170.7 mg/kg) and potassium ( 105.3 mg / kg of soil), respectively.
Keywords: agrochemical monitoring, soil fertility, humus, acidity, phosphorus, potassium, liming, fertilizer.
Author Details: V. R. Gabdullin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); L. A. Garayeva, deputy director.
For citation: Gabdullin V. R., Garayeva L. A. Monitoring and Improving Soil Fertility in the Mari El Republic. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 4. Pp. 22–26 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10406.