D. V. Lysukhin
State Station of Agrochemical Service “Kurganskaya”, ul. Lenina, 7, s. Sadovoe, Ketovskii r-n, Kurganskaya obl., 641325, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research was aimed at analyzing the results of monitoring the agrochemical state of soils in the agricultural lands of the central, eastern and southern zones of the Kurgan region. The area of agricultural land amounts to 2.56 million hectares (63% of the total agricultural land of the region), of which 1.57 million hectares are arable land (67.8% of the total arable land in the region). The main part of the soil was characterized by low natural fertility: 57.6% of the arable land is occupied by low-humus soils, 33.8% is poor humic, and 2.35% is very poor humic; 51.4% is occupied by acidic soils (less than 5.5 pH units); 62.9% is characterized by low and very low content of mobile phosphorus. At that, 88.9% of arable soil is characterized by high or very high provision with mobile potassium. The cultivated plants in the area under study were acutely deficient in copper and zinc; 98.7% and 91.5% of arable land respectively lacked these trace nutrient elements. At the same time, 69.5% of the soil lack cobalt, 42.7% lack manganese, 26.8% lack molybdenum. The only exception is boron: 97.2% of the soils is distinguished by its high content. In the period from 1982 to 2016 the negative balance of mineral nutrient elements in agriculture led to a decrease in the humus content in the soil. It decreased from 4.6 to 4.4%. During the entire period of observation (from 1965) the soil was acidifying that caused the fall of the weighted average acidity from 6.0 to 5.6 pH units. Due to the intensive use of mineral and organic fertilizers in 1976–1990 during the first four cycles of the survey the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium increased from 44 mg/kg to 56 mg/kg and from 160 mg/kg to 178 mg/kg, respectively. During the last (fifth) cycle it tended to decrease by 5 and 3 mg/kg respectively.
Keywords: fertility; agrochemical survey; soil acidity; humus; arable land; plough; mobile forms of phosphorus; mobile forms of potassium; mineral fertilizers; organic fertilizers; crop yield; soil gradation.
Author Details: D. V. Lysukhin, director (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Lysukhin D. V. Agrochemical Characteristics of Soils in the Central, Eastern and Southern Zones of the Kurgan Region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 4. Pp. 35–41 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10409.