A. N. Vlasenko, N. G. Vlasenko, P. I. Kudashkin, O. V. Kulagin
Siberian Research Institute of Farming and Chemicalization of Agriculture of the SFRCAB of the RAS, pos. Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskii r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research was conducted to compare field cole crops with oats as forecrops for spring wheat against the background of two technologies: traditional (based on deep non-moldboard loosening) and no-till technology. In both cases, we used the same fertilizers and systems of plant protection against pests. The long-term stationary experiment was carried out in the forest-steppe of the Ob region of Western Siberia on leached medium loamy chernozem. The use of oats as a forecrop resulted in more intensive accumulation of plant residues on the soil surface: in the case of no-till technology – 405 g/m2, in the case of traditional technology – 234 g/m2. The use of the cole crops as forecrops reduced the mass of plant residues 1.7 and 1.3 times respectively. By the end of the third rotation in the case of no-till technology with oats as a forecrop the degree of soil pedality in the soil layer of 0–20 cm was equal to 1.75; after the cole crops it was equal to 1.65; for traditional technology it was equal to 1.6 in both cases at approximately equal amount of valuable and water-stable aggregates. At traditional technology with the crop rotation with oats the bulk density in the layer of 0–30 cm was 1.25 g/cm3; in the case of the cole crops it was 1.16 g/cm3; in the case of no-till technology it was 1.25 g/cm3 and 1.23 g/cm3 respectively. In general, against the background of no-till the accumulation of nitrogen was less than at the traditional technology, while for the cole crops it was more than for oats. Significant differences in the effect of the crops on the prevalence of the subsequent spring wheat by root rot were not registered. In the case of no-till technology the rate of wheat infestation was higher after cole crops, and in the case of the traditional technology it was higher after oats. On average, with the systematic use of herbicides the rate of infestation in the case of no-till technology application was lower than in the traditional technology. The yield of wheat after cole crops was higher than after oats by 0.19 t/ha for no-till technology and by 0.41 t/ha for the traditional technology.
Keywords: no-till technology; spring wheat; oats; cole crops; soil fertility; phytosanitary state; yield.
Author Details: A. N. Vlasenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, head of research group; N. G. Vlasenko, D. Sc. (Biol.), member of the RAS, head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); P. I. Kudashkin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; O. V. Kulagin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Vlasenko A. N., Vlasenko N. G., Kudashkin P. I., Kulagin O. V. Environment-Forming Role of Phytosanitary Crops in Crop Rotations Cultivated by No-till Technology. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 6. Pp. 5–9 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10601.