V. I. Turusov, O. A. Bogatykh, N. V. Dronova, E. A. Balyunova
V. V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black-Earth Zone, kvartal 5, 81, pos. 2 uchastka Instituta imeni Dokuchaeva, Talovskii r-n, Voronezhskaya obl., 397463, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to characterize the changes in the water regime of the soil during the formation of the winter wheat crop after various forecrops and to develop the most efficient crop alternations. Field experiments were carried out in 2014–2018 in the Voronezh region 3 times. The distribution of plots was systematic. The plot area was 168 m2; the accounting area was 100 m2. We studied 6 types of grain-fallow-row crop rotations and one grain-grass-row crop rotation, as well as the effect of forecrops on the hydrophysical properties of the soil and the yield of winter wheat. All crop rotations included seven fields and a different set and alternation of crops. Soil samples were taken in winter wheat fields after bare fallow, green-manure rapeseed fallow, seeded fallow (pea), green-manure sainfoin fallow, sainfoin for hay, chickpea, and soybean; and in the field with binary sowing of winter vetch with winter wheat after pea. The water balance was determined by the calculation method. The evapotranspiration of winter wheat crops and the water consumption ratio were greatly influenced by the autumn soil water reserves, by the agroclimatic conditions in the vegetation period, and by the forecrops. In all the years of the research, it was the most productive in the links with bare fallow (water consumption ratio was 60.3 m3/t with the yield of 4.7 t/ha), sainfoin for green manure and hay (58.0 m3/t, 4.9 t/ha and 62.7 m3/t, 4.7 t/ha, respectively). The varying water availability for winter wheat, depending on its forecrops, had a significant impact on its productivity. As the forecrop deteriorated, the water consumption ratio increased, while the efficiency of using water decreased.
Keywords: winter wheat (Triticum durum); crop rotation; water availability; water consumption ratio; weather conditions.
Author Details: V. I. Turusov, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O. A. Bogatykh, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; N. V. Dronova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; E. A. Balyunova, research fellow.
For citation: Turusov V. I., Bogatykh O. A., Dronova N. V., Balyunova E. A. Influence of Weather Conditions and Forecrops of Winter Wheat on Water Availability in Soil. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 6. Pp. 10–12 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10602.