Application of Enzyme Activity Indicators for Rapid Diagnostics of the Ecological Status of Agrogenic Soils

V. N. Romanov¹, A. V. Zaushintsena², N. V. Kozhevnikov^2
1Krasnoyarsk Agricultural Research Institute, Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the SB of the RAS», prosp. Svobodnyi, 66, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation
²Kemerovo State University, ul. Krasnaya, 6, Kemerovo, 650000, Russian Federation

Abstract. This work presents the results of a study undertaken to assess the possibility of using indicators of enzymatic activity for rapid diagnostics of the ecological state of soils exposed to the action of various tillage technologies. The experiments were conducted over the 2015–2017 period under the conditions of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe soils in Central Siberia. The experimental plot was characterised by ordinary chernozem with a medium thickness and loamy granulometric composition. In this region, the average annual precipitation and air temperature equal to 340 mm and 0.5 Celsius degrees, respectively. The activity of enzymes was studied using the following scheme of field crop rotation: fallow field, wheat, barley, oats. The soil was treated using the technologies of moldboard ploughing to a depth of 20–22 cm, disking at a depth of 8–10 cm and direct sowing without any preliminary tillage (no-till). The activity of hydrolase class enzymes (invertase, urease and phosphatase) and oxidoreductases (catalase and dehydrogenase) was determined. Permanent agricultural use of soils has the greatest negative impact on the activity of invertase, which is reduced under such conditions by 40%. Under the action of moldboard processing, a decrease in urease activity was 31.7%. Minimization of tillage (disking and direct seeding) leads to a decrease in the mechanical load on the ground, thus increasing its total biogenic level and raising the urease activity. Ploughing reduced phosphatase activity by 30%. No negative impact of anthropogenic action on catalase was found. Under the conditions of ploughing and minimum treatment, the activity of dehydrogenase reduced by 34% and 25%, respectively. Rapid diagnostics of the ecological status and fertility of agrogenic soils should involve a determination of the activity of dehydrogenase, phosphatase, invertase and urease.

Keywords: ordinary chernozem; tillage; direct seeding; enzyme activity; dehydrogenase; phosphatase; invertase; urease.

Author Details: V. N. Romanov, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. V. Zaushintsena, D. Sc. (Biol.), prof.; N. V. Kozhevnikov, postgraduate student.

For citation: Romanov V. N., Zaushintsena A. V., Kozhevnikov N. V. Application of Enzyme Activity Indicators for Rapid Diagnostics of the Ecological Status of Agrogenic Soils. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 7. Pp. 44–47 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10711.