V. P. Ponazhev, A. A. Yanyshina
Federal Scientific Center of Bast-Fiber Crops Breeding, ul. Lunacharskogo, 35, Torzhok, Tverskaya obl., 172002, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were conducted to analyze the efficiency of methods for growing fiber flax seeds using the selection of source material (plants) in primary seed production according to new signs to justify the need for their use. The developed methods for selecting the source material according to morphological and phenotypic signs, which had a pronounced correlation with the fiber content in the stem, increased the yield of seeds up to 3 times or more, and reduced labour and production costs by more than 5 times. Among them was the method for selecting the plants, in which the first buds opened before or after the period of mass flowering, the methods for positive selection of 3–10 box plants, for selection by inflorescence length (compactness) and the optimal single seed mass. The method based on the re-sowing of the original material obtained in the process of selection of typical plants (reserve fund method), which allowed dispensing with selection nurseries for a long time, provided accelerated reproduction of the fiber flax seeds. Highly effective methods for propagating the fiber flax seeds provide for the use of narrow-row sowing methods with a row spacing of 6.25 cm and 7.5 cm in the second, third, fourth and fifth years of seed production, providing an increase in the seed yield, compared with the control, up to 40.0% and 21.0%, respectively. The introduction of increased volumes of original fiber flax seeds, cultivated using the new methods of seed production, allowed increasing the share of crops of original seeds of new varieties produced by the Federal Scientific Center of Fiber Crops to 84.1% of the all-Russian level in 2018. In the future, this opens up opportunities for increasing the share of crops of higher reproductions in the structure of the areas under the crop from 4.6% to 16.3%, switching to variety renovation by the seeds of the first reproduction, instead of the seeds of the third reproduction, and bringing the variety renovation system in line with foreign counterparts.
Keywords: fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L. f. Elongata); seeds; seed production; nursery; method; sowing; row spacing; reproduction.
Author Details: V. P. Ponazhev, D. Sc. (Agr.), director (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. A. Yanyshina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Ponazhev V. P., Yanyshina A. A. Methods for Improvement of Fiber Flax Seeds and its Efficiency in Seed Growing. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 9. Pp. 39–43 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10908.