V. N. Zolotarev1, I. S. Ivanov1,2, A. V. Chekmaryova1,2
1Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology, Nauchnyi gorodok, k. 1, Lobnya, Moskovskaya obl., 141055, Russian Federation
2Voronezh experimental station for perennial grasses – branch of «Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology», Dokuchaeva str., d. 1, Pavlovsk, Voronezh region., 396420, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were conducted to analyze and assess the influence of agroclimatic factors of the growing season on the yield of Hungarian sainfoin seeds of Pavlovsky variety, depending on the coverage of crops by honey bees in the context of climate aridization in the steppe zone of the Central Chernozem Region. The work was carried out in 2009–2018 in the southern part of the Voronezh region. Dynamics of productive moisture reserves in the soil, as well as temperature regime during the growing season and precipitation amount, were estimated according to the data from Pavlovskaya weather station of the Voronezh region. The soil of the experimental plot was leached, medium thick and medium loamy chernozem; humus content (according to Tyurin) in the arable layer was 4.3%; the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Chirikov) was 7.2 mg/100 g of soil and 12.6 mg/100 g of soil, respectively; pH of water extract was 5.8–6.4 units. The thickness of the humus horizon was 50–73 cm. To determine the level of coverage of flowering sainfoin grass stands by honey bees, the total number of hives in apiaries along the field perimeter and the area adjacent to the plantings (up to 500 m) was taken into account. The highest seed yields from 0.48 to 0.59 t/ha were noted in the years with the air temperature close to the long-term average one during sainfoin flowering, with the rainfall at the multiyear level or higher, with productive moisture reserves in a meter-deep soil layer from 70–80 mm to 154 mm. At the same time, per 1 hectare of flowering sainfoin grass stands, about 4 hives were placed. The correlation coefficient of the relationship between the yield of sainfoin seeds and the coverage of flowering grass stands by honey bees was 0.7 for a ten-year observation period. Under comparable hydrothermal conditions and the same coverage of crops by bee families, the yield of sainfoin seeds was determined by the reserves of productive moisture in a meter-deep layer of soil.
Keywords: climate aridization; precipitation; air temperature; soil productive moisture reserves; Hungarian sainfoin (Onobrychis arenaria Kit.); seed crops; productivity; seeds; bee pollination.
Author Details: V. N. Zolotarev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); I. S. Ivanov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; A. V. Chekmaryova, research fellow.
For citation: Zolotarev V.N., Ivanov I.S., Chekmaryova A.V. Influence of Agroclimatic Conditions and Bee Pollination on the Yield of Hungarian Sainfoin Seeds in the Steppe Zone. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 9. Pp. 32–38 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10907.