N. S. Yakovlev, N. M. Ivanov, N. N. Nazarov, V. V. Markin
Siberian Federal Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the RAS (SFRCAB of the RAS), pos. Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskii r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies aimed to determine the effect of the design parameters of the sowing machine on the seedlings’ quality and the spring wheat’s yield. The experiments were conducted in the Novosibirsk region; the soil was medium loamy leached chernozem; bare fallow was used as a forecrop. The work was conducted against two agricultural backgrounds: without tillage and twice pre-sowing cultivation. The crops were sown using anchor, disk and chisel (370 mm wide) shares. For anchor and disk shares, the sowing depth was 40 mm; for chisel shares, it was 50 mm. In 2019, it was 70 mm due to a decrease in the moisture content in the surface soil. In the experiments, we studied options with different surfaces of rollers: smooth (metal and with a rubber band), rod (with a pitch of rods of 50 mm and 100 mm). One option was using the wheels of the sowing machine as rollers. The pressure per 1 cm of the roller width was set equal to 200 kPa, 400 kPa, and 600 kPa (40 kg, 80 kg, and 120 kg per roller). Anchor shares with smooth rollers sowed 73.0–85.0% of seeds to the predetermined depth (4 cm ± 1 cm); disc shares sowed from 48.6% to 75.4% of seeds to the predetermined depth. The yield increase was associated with increased pressure on the roller from 40kg to 80 kg. When sowing with anchor shares, the yield increased from 2.5% to 25.4%. No influence of the roller type on wheat productivity during sowing with disk and anchor shares was revealed. When using chisel shares, most of the seeds were at a given depth (5 ± 1 cm) in the option with smooth rollers (92.4%) and rod rollers with a rod pitch of 50 mm (88.5%). The highest germination rate was noted when rolling after chisel shares with smooth rollers at a pressure of 600 kPa. Wheat yield, in this case, increased, compared with the other options, up to 30%.
Keywords: sowing; seeds; soil; roller; sowing machine; share; chisel.
Author Details: N. S. Yakovlev, D. Sc. (Tech.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N. M. Ivanov, D. Sc. (Tech.), director; N. N. Nazarov, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), leading research fellow; V.V. Markin, senior research fellow.
For citation: Yakovlev N. S., Ivanov N. M., Nazarov N. N., Markin V. V. Work Tools of Sowing Machines for Grain Crops. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 10. Pp. 76–80 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-11017.