O. G. Chuyan
Kursk Federal Agrarian Scientific Center, ul. Karla Marksa, 70 b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to establish a quantitative dependence of the dynamics and distribution of acid-base properties of arable soils on climatic and agrotechnical factors under conditions of the Central Chernozem region to improve monitoring of fertility. To determine the general patterns of the formation and distribution of acidic soils, we used data from the 7th and 8th cycles (2000–2009) of the soil-agrochemical survey of arable land in the Central Chernozem Region (Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk, and Tambov regions). In 1985–2017, the long-term dynamics of the physicochemical properties of typical chernozem was analyzed in a multivariate field experiment (Medvensky district, Kursk region). Climatic conditions were estimated by the amount of precipitation, air temperature, sum of active temperatures, difference in precipitation and evaporation. The results of correlation and regression analysis indicated that the acidity of soils depended above all on the calculated climatic parameters: the difference in precipitation and evaporation (47%), as well as washability (56%). The average calculated soil washability values for Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk and Tambov regions were 70 mm, 48 mm, 33 mm, 60 mm, and 44 mm, whereas the values of washing CaCO3 from soils were 200 kg/ha, 159 kg/ha, 111 kg/ha, 148 kg/ha, and 120 kg/ha per year, respectively. The dependence of soil acidity (pH(KCl)) on washability was logarithmic and, in some regions, was characterized by the determination coefficient (R2) from 0.36 to 0.73. A long-term field experiment showed that in the gross content and reserves of calcium, the share of influence of the location in the relief was 80%, whereas the share of influence of the intensity of the use of mineral fertilizers was 15%. Loss of calcium due to the use of mineral fertilizers was 1.2 kg of CaCO3 per 1 kg of NPK. At the same time, the share of influence of gross calcium content in the mineral part of soils on soil acidity was 74%. The dynamics of acidity was associated with hydrothermal conditions, anthropogenic effects and depended on soil buffering.
Keywords: climatic conditions; arable soils; physicochemical properties; soil acidity; base loss.
Author Details: O. G. Chuyan, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory (E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Chuyan O. G. Assessment of the Acidity Dynamics of Arable Soils in the Central Chernozem Region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 12. Pp. 5–9 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-11201.