V. I. Turusov, V. M. Garmashov
V. V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black-Earth Zone, kvartal 5, 81, pos. 2 uchastka Instituta imeni Dokuchaeva, Talovskii r-n, Voronezhskaya obl., 397463, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the work was to study the effectiveness of various methods of primary tillage for barley under the soil and climatic conditions of the southeast Central Chernozem Region. With minimal tillage, bulk density tended to increase, but this did not have a significant effect on the water-physical properties of ordinary chernozem. The use of surface and zero tillage for barley helped to reduce the total number of microorganisms, compared with ploughing to the depth of 20–22 cm, by 11.8–12.0%. With shallow moldboard and subsoil tillage, no decrease in soil biological activity was noted. The smallest number of humus mineralizers in the experiment was registered at the surface and zero tillage (11.4 and 11.8 million CFU in 1 g of abs. dry soil, respectively). Minimization of tillage of ordinary chernozem with good physical properties for barley did not reduce the nitrification capacity of the soil. Moldboard tillage led to an increase in the development of microorganisms in the layer of 10–20 cm; nonmoldboard, surface, and zero tillage led to an increase in the development of microorganisms in the layer of 0–10 cm, where organic matter was concentrated in the form of plant residues. To the greatest extent, barley yield depended on the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. During tillage, the correlation coefficient with the value of this indicator in the 0–40 cm layer amounted to r = 0.94; during earing, it amounted to r = 0.68; during ripening, it amounted to r = 0.69. The highest barley yield in the experiment with the application of fertilizers (3.25 t/ha) was observed against the background of ploughing at the depth of 20–22 cm when using the combined tillage system during crop rotation. In the same option, the largest increase from the introduction of N60P60K60 (1.61 t/ha) was recorded. Nonmoldboard and surface tillage led to a decrease in the barley yield by 0.14–0.24 t/ha (5.8–18.5%) compared to the control, and by 1.20 t/ha (49.4 %) compared to zero tillage.
Keywords: soil fertility; bulk density; microbiological activity; tillage method; ploughing; nonmoldboard tillage; zero tillage; barley.
Author Details: V. I. Turusov, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS,directorchief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. M. Garmashov, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division.
For citation: Turusov V. I., Garmashov V. M. Influence of Tillage Methods on the Fertility of Ordinary Chernozem and Barley Productivity under Conditions of the Southeast of the Central Chernozem Region. Dostizheniyanauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 12. Pp. 20–25. (in Russ.).DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-11204.