D. V. Dubovik, V. I. Lazarev, A. Ya. Aidiev, B. S. Ilyin
Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center, ul. Karla Marksa, 70 b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were conducted in 2015–2018 to study the influence of various methods of primary tillage on productivity, grain quality, and economic efficiency of winter wheat (Nemchinovskaya-17 variety) cultivation under the soil and climatic conditions of the Kursk region. The experimental design provided for the following options: ploughing with the overturning of soil layer at 20–22 cm; combined tillage (disking + chiselling) at 20–22 cm; surface tillage (disking) at 8–10 cm; no-till (direct sowing). The highest available moisture reserves in the arable layer of the soil before the sowing of winter wheat were noted in the no-till options (11.1 mm) and the surface tillage option (7.6 mm). In the case of moldboard ploughing and combined (disking + chiselling) tillage, they were almost equal (5.9 and 5.8 mm, respectively). By the time of the resumption of spring vegetation of winter wheat, the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil increased to 109.5–116.1 mm, and the patterns of its accumulation changed. The largest value of this indicator was noted for ploughing (116.1 mm), the lowest one (109.5 mm) was noted for no-till. By the time of harvesting, the difference in productive moisture reserves between the options maintained. The lowest weediness of crops in all the years of the study was noted for moldboard ploughing: 53.7–65.5 pcs/m2; at combined tillage (disking + chiselling), it increased to 56.1–68.1 pcs/m2; at surface cultivation, it increased up to 66.8–77.2 pcs/m2; in no-till option, it increased up to 96.0–106.2 pcs/m2. The highest yield of winter wheat was registered for the ploughing option (3.88 t/ha). Replacing the moldboard ploughing with combined tillage reduced it by 10.1%; replacing the moldboard ploughing with surface tillage reduced it by 11.1%. Although the use of no-till technology led to a decrease in winter wheat grain harvest (by 0.66 t/ha, or 17.1%), due to a reduction in direct production costs (by 20.8%), it was economically feasible and environmentally reasonable.
Keywords: typical chernozem; winter wheat; ploughing; combined tillage; surface tillage; no-till; productive moisture; infestation of crops; gluten content; economic efficiency.
Author Details: D. V. Dubovik, D. Sc. (Agr.), acting director (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. I. Lazarev, D. Sc. (Agr.), deputy director; A. Ya. Aidiev, Сand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division; B. S. Ilyi, senior research fellow.
For citation: Dubovik D. V., Lazarev V. I., Aidiev A. Ya., Ilyin B. S. Efficiency of Various Methods of Primary Tillage and Direct Sowing During the Cultivation of Winter Wheat on Chernozem Soils. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 12. Pp. 26–29 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-11205.