Analysis of Limiting Agroecological Factors of Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat under Arid Conditions

I. I. Vasenev¹, I. N. Besaliev², P. N. Malchikov³, G. I. Shutareva⁴, T. M. Dzhancharov¹, D. V. Morev¹, A. M. Yaroslavtsev¹, M. Yu. Kurashov^5
1Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, ul. Timiryazevskaya, 49, Moskva, 127550, Russian Federation
²Orenburg Research Institute of Agriculture, prosp. Gagarina, 27, Orenburg, 460051, Russian Federation
³N. M. Tulajkov Samara Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. K. Marksa, 41, pos. Bezenchuk, Bezenchukskii r-n, Samarskaya obl., 446254, Russian Federation
⁴Research Institute of Agriculture of the Southeast, ul. Tulaikova, 7, Saratov, 410010, Russian Federation
⁵Barilla Rus LLC, Butyrskii Tupik, 1, Solnechnogorsk, Moscovskaya obl., 141500, Russian Federation

Abstract. The studies were aimed at analyzing agroecological factors that limit the yield and quality of durum wheat in experimental plots regionally distributed from the Volga Region to the South Urals for agroecologically justified expansion of durum wheat under conditions most suitable for its sustainable production. The results of a system analysis of field experiments conducted according to a single fundamental scheme with 4 durum wheat varieties (Annushka, Gordeya, Zolotaya, Luch-25) are presented at two intensity levels of agricultural technologies on medium-thick medium and low humic typical chernozems of medium and heavy loamy particle-size composition in the Saratov, Samara, and Orenburg regions. We noted the dominance of regional and varietal factors of differentiation of yield and quality of durum wheat under dry conditions of 2018. At the same time, in the variant with more intensive agricultural technology with even small doses of mineral fertilizers, a significant decrease in the regionally determined variation in the yield and quality of wheat was noted. Over the past decade, in the forest-steppe of the Volga region, it was registered an increase in total precipitation over the growing season, compared with the previous century, on average by 55 mm. The maximum values of this indicator especially increased (up to 17%) for the Samara region. In the South Urals, it was registered a downward trend in total precipitation during the growing season (by 13 mm), which was the most pronounced in the summer, during active durum wheat vegetation period and grain formation. Grain quality of durum wheat has an extended set of predictors. Along with the terms of sowing and phenological phases, an important role is played by the regional agroecological features of chernozems, the content of nitrogen, potassium, sulphur forms available to plants and the reaction of the soil solution. The main limiting parameter for the integral assessment of the quality of the studied varieties was the “Colour Index “b” (Minolta)”, which characterizes the yellowish-golden colour of the grain that is in demand on the market.

Keywords: agroecological monitoring; limiting factors; agroclimatic indicators; production process; durum wheat; product quality; expert systems.

Author Details: I. I. Vasenev, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of department (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); I. N. Besaliev, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division; P. N. Malchikov3, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory; G. I. Shutareva4, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow; T. M. Dzhancharov1, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), assoc. prof.; V. Morev1, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior lecturer; A. M. Yaroslavtsev1, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior lecturer; M. Yu. Kurashov5, manager.

For citation: Vasenev I. I., Besaliev I. N., Malchikov P. N., Shutareva G. I., Dzhancharov T. M., Morev D. V., Yaroslavtsev A. M., Kurashov M. Yu. Analysis of Limiting Agroecological Factors of Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat under Arid Conditions. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 12. Pp. 30–37 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-11206.