G. V. Volkova, O. A. Kudinova, O. O. Miroshnichenko
All-Russian Research Institute of Bbiological Plant Protection, Krasnodar, p/o 39, 350039, Russian Federation
Abstract. Stem rust of wheat (the agent is Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici) is a dangerous disease. In the case of high incidence, the shortfall of yield during outbreaks can reach 60–70% or more. Stem rust epiphytoties have been reported on almost all continents where wheat is cultivated. In the world wheat production, the dangerous pathogen epiphytoties occurring in the last 40 years have been controlled by genetic protection, mainly using Sr31 gene obtained from hybrid derivatives of wheat and rye. Ug99 (TTKSK) race discovered in 1998-1999 in Uganda (East Africa) overcame resistance to Sr31. It is capable of attacking non-immune plants at any stage of vegetation that leads to their rapid deaths. Now, active evolution is observed within Ug99 race. By February 2016, 13 races in 13 countries were identified. In Russia, the disease had been economically insignificant, but in recent years outbreaks of stem rust have been recorded in the central region. In Western Siberia, the main area of spring wheat cultivation, stem rust has become one of the main diseases. In the North Caucasus region of Russia, a late emergence of the disease in wheat crops is noted, therefore, the development of the pathogen is focal and is regularly recorded in the areas where barberry grows (Georgievsky, Kirovsky, and Predgorny districts of the Stavropol Territory; Ust-Dzhegutinsky district of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic; Naursky district of the Chechen Republic, Gorny and Baksaysky districts of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic). The current phytosanitary situation requires constant monitoring of P. graminis development on the main (cereals) and intermediate (barberry) host plants to predict the development of the disease in the region, to develop varietal policy and protective measures.
Keywords: stem rust; Puccinia graminis; Ug99; injuriousness; wheat.
Author Details: G. V. Volkova, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O. A. Kudinova, Сand. Sc. (Biol.), research fellow; O. O. Miroshnichenko, junior research fellow.
For citation: Volkova GV, Kudinova OA, Miroshnichenko OO. [Stem rust as a particularly dangerous disease of wheat]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(1): 20-5. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10104.