A. А. Artemjev, A. M. Guryanov
Mordovia Research Agricultural Institute – Branch of Rudnitsky Federal Agrarin Scientific Center of the North-East, ul. Michurina, 5, r.p.Yalga, Saransk, 430904, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of the differentiated application of mineral fertilizers on yield, grain quality, and efficiency of cultivation of winter wheat Moskovskaya 39. The work was performed in 2009 and 2015 in two fields of a crop rotation (bare fallow, winter wheat, spring wheat, spring wheat, Sudan grass, spring barley) in heavy-leached chernozem in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Mordovia. Humus content was 5.1–7.3%; nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content was 6.9–13.2 mg/kg of soil; mobile phosphorus content was 89–236 mg/kg; potassium content was 108–256 mg/kg, pH(salt) was 4.4–4.8 The experimental design included the following options: without fertilizers (control); conventional technology with average doses of mineral fertilizers (N84P46K53 in 2009, N82P43K50 in 2015); differentiated use of fertilizers taking into account the intra-field variability of soil fertility (N(48–108)P(30–52)K(36–65) in 2009 and N(56–90)P(32–57)K(41–56) in 2015). On average over two crop rotation fields, the highest yield of the studied crop in the experiment was noted in the option with differentiated use of fertilizers – 3.42 t/ha, which was higher by 26.6% than in the control, and higher by 11.4% compared with the option with average doses. The use of mineral fertilizers in both cases provided, in comparison with the control, an increase of 13–23% in productive bushiness. In terms of grain quality, an advantage was also noted for the differential application of fertilizers. The cultivation of winter wheat with the differentiated application of mineral fertilizers was the most profitable (120%). With average doses, the cultivation efficiency decreased by 37%. Differentiated application ensured a decrease in fertilizer consumption by 6.2%.
Keywords: winter wheat (Triticum vulgare Host); mineral fertilizers; differentiated doses; average doses; effectiveness.
Author Details: A. А. Artemjev, D. Sc. (Agr.), deputy director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. M. Guryanov, D. Sc. (Agr.), director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Artemjev AА, Guryanov AM [Efficiency of winter wheat cultivation with the differentiated application of mineral fertilizers]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(4):26-31.Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10405.