S. I. Tyutyunov, P. I. Solntsev, Yu. V. Khoroshilova, M. V. Yemets, Zh. Yu. Gorokhova
Belgorod Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the RAS, ul. Oktyabr’skaya, 58, Belgorod, 308001, Russian Federation
Abstract. The investigation was carried out in a stationary field experiment in 2018–2019 in the Belgorod region. The purpose was to assess the influence of the primary tillage methods, fertilizers, and plant protection means on the infestation of crops, yield and quality of winter wheat. Ploughing as a primary tillage method helped to reduce the infestation. The effectiveness of the herbicide in the case of ploughing varied from 83.2% to 95.9%; for nonmouldboard loosening, it varied from 83.7% to 96.9%. The least number of productive stems of winter wheat was in the option without fertilizers with the first level of plant protection; for ploughing it was 331 pcs/m2; for nonmouldboard loosening, it was 330 pcs/m2. The combined use of fertilizers and plant protection means increased the number of productive stems by 15.1–47.1% for ploughing and by 14.7–47.9% for nonmouldboard loosening. Such a combination of agricultural methods increased the productivity of winter wheat respectively by 56.0– 120.5% and 52.2–117.5% in relation to the options without fertilizers and plant protection means. The maximum grain harvest in the experiment was registered in the option with the application of N90P90K90 against the background of the action of 40 t/ha of manure and a full complex of plant protection means: for ploughing, it was 6.02 t/ha; for nonmouldboard loosening, it was 5.96 t/ha. The primary tillage methods did not have a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat. The greatest payback of 1 kg of NPK primary nutrient in terms of yield increase was ensured by the introduction of N60P60K60 and N90P90K90: 10.61 kg/kg and 9.04 kg/kg, respectively. When combined with manure, the value of this indicator decreased to 5.28 kg/kg and 5.44 kg/kg, respectively. Grain quality of winter wheat depended to the greatest extent on the effect of mineral and organic fertilizers and to the least extent on the methods of primary tillage and plant protection means.
Keywords: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); fertilizers; plant protection levels; ploughing; nonmouldboard loosening; infestation; yield; grain quality.
Author Details: S. I. Tyutyunov, corresponding member of the RAS, D. Sc. (Agr.), director; P. I. Solntsev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Yu. V. Khoroshilova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), research fellow; M. V. Yemets, junior research fellow; Zh. Yu. Gorokhova, junior research fellow.
For citation: Tyutyunov SI, Solntsev PI, Khoroshilova YuV, et al. [The influence of primary tillage methods, fertilizers, and plant protection means on winter wheat yield]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(5):18-23. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10503.