V. I. Lazarev, R. I., Lazareva, B. S. Ilyin, A. Ya. Bashkatov, T. V. Gavrilova
Kursk Federal Agrarian Scientific Center, ul. Karla Marksa, 70 b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were carried out in 2017–2019 in chernozem soils of the Kursk region to assess the efficiency of spring wheat cultivation technologies with various intensity levels. The following technologies were compared: extensive one (ploughing at the depth of 20–22 cm, without fertilizers – the control); intensive one (ploughing at the depth of 20–22 cm, N60Р60К60); three resource-saving technologies (N30Р30К30, beet tops, Gumistim). They differed in the primary tillage methods (ploughing at the depth of 20–22 cm, subsurface cultivation at the depth of 20–22 cm, and surface treatment at the depth of 8–10 cm). The largest reserves of moisture and N-NO3 in the soil before sowing were registered in the case of using moldboard tillage. Replacing ploughing with nonmoldboard tillage led to a decrease in the values of these indicators. The least crop infestation with weeds was noted in the case of moldboard tillage – 52.3–58.3 pcs/m2. The substitution of ploughing with subsurface or surface cultivation led to an increase in infestation to 61.7–73.7 pcs/m2. The application of mineral fertilizers contributed to a significant increase in the number of weeds in crops. The highest yield (4.27 t/ha) of spring wheat in the experiment on average over the years of the studies was observed for the intensive technology. Grain yield in the case of resource-saving technologies with the organic and mineral fertilizer system amounted to 3.86–4.25 t/ha. At the same time, the use of moldboard tillage as a resource-saving technology increased the yield of wheat by 0.18 t/ha compared to the subsurface cultivation and by 0.39 t/ha compared to the surface tillage. However, due to lower production costs, better economic results were ensured by the use of the subsurface primary tillage technology.
Keywords: spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); typical chernozem; mineral fertilizers; organic fertilizers; green manure; biological products; yield; gluten content; economic efficiency.
Author Details: V. I. Lazarev, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); R. I. Lazareva, senior research fellow; B. S. Ilyin, senior research fellow; A. Ya. Bashkatov, senior research fellow; T. V. Gavrilova, junior research fellow.
For citation: Lazarev VI, Lazareva RI, Ilyin BS, et al. [Comparative evaluation of technologies for cultivation of spring common wheat with a different intensity level under conditions of the Kursk region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(5):24-7. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10504.