A. A. Novikov
All-Russian research Institute of irrigated agriculture, ul. Timiryazeva, 9, Volgograd, 400002, Russian Federation
Abstract. he purpose of the studies was to select crop rotation links and forecrops for potato providing resource-saving and rational use of irrigation water. The work was performed in the Rostov region in six irrigated links with the following crop rotations: 1) winter wheat, spring-planted potato, onion (control); 2) winter wheat + Brassica juncea (after harvesting), spring-planted potato, onion; 3) winter wheat + Brassica juncea (after harvesting), Brassica juncea + summer-planted potato, onion; 4) winter wheat + Brassica juncea (after harvesting), onion, spring-planted potato; 5) soybean, spring-planted potato, onion; 6) soybean, Brassica juncea + summer-planted potato, onion. Spring-planted potato was irrigated up to 6 times at irrigation rate of 2520 m3/ha; summer-planted potato was irrigated up to 7 times at irrigation rate of 3120 m3/ha. Summer-planted potato required water-charging irrigation at the rate of 600 m3/ha. The highest average daily water consumption (65.0–67.8 m3/ha) was noted for summer-planted potato since its main growth and development periods relate to the hottest time of the year (July and August). In the case of spring planting, the average daily water consumption decreased to 46.9–50.9 m3/ha. The most rational regime of water resources use, expressed in terms of water consumption coefficient, was formed in the link of winter wheat + Brassica juncea, Brassica juncea + summer-planted potato, onion (610 m3 per one thousand cereal units (CU) versus 640 m3per one thousand CU in the control link). The most economical use of moisture was registered in the links of winter wheat + Brassica juncea (after harvesting), Brassica juncea + summer-planted potato, onion and soybean, spring-planted potato, onion, where the water consumption was 106 m3 and 115 m3 per 1 ton of tubers versus 156 m3/t in the control, that is, water savings reached 47.2% and 35.6%, respectively.
Keywords: potato (Solanum tuberosum L.); irrigation; crop rotation links; water consumption; intermediate crops.
Author Details: A. A. Novikov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), deputy director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Novikov AA [Rational use of water resources of potato at cultivation in irrigated crop rotation links on chernozems] Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(5):37-41.Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10507.