Genetic structure of Kazakh white-headed cattle by the genes of milk proteins and hormones and their relationship with the growing energy of young animals

G. M. Goncharenko¹, N. B. Grishina¹, T. S. Khoroshilova¹, N. N. Kochnev², A. A. Unzhakova^2
1Siberian Research, Design and Technological Institute of Animal Husbandry, Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, pos. Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskii r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russian Federation
²Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, ul. Dobrolyubova, 160, Novosibirsk, 630039, Russian Federation

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to determine the genetic structure of the Kazakh white-headed cattle population by the marker genes of lipid metabolism of leptin (LEP), kappa-casein (CSN3), beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), thyroglobulin (TG5), as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and to identify their relationship with the growing energy of young animals. DNA typing of 202 cows was conducted in 2017. The herd was genetically balanced. The homozygosity level in the population sample of animals ranged from 50% (LEP) to 68% (TG5). For CSN3 and BLG, the frequency of allele A was 0.74 and 0.40, whereas the frequency of allele B was 0.26 and 0.60, respectively. For LEP and TG5, the frequencies of alleles C were 0.52 and 0.80, respectively; the frequencies of alleles T were 0.48 and 0.20, respectively. In gene TNF-alpha, the frequency of allele A was 0.33; the frequency of allele G was 0.67. Associative relations between genotypes and growth energy of young animals during the first year after birth were insignificant. In calves with genotype LEP(TT), in comparison with peers with genotype LEP(CC), the average daily increase at 9 and 10 months was higher by 166 g and 138 g, respectively. Higher growth energy for the first month was observed in the calves with genotype TG5(CC) – 124 g more than in the animals with genotype TG5(CT). For other genotypes and in other periods of growth, differences between the genotypes in daily average growth were insignificant. It is advisable to use the results of the molecular genetic analysis of the Kazakh white-headed cattle when planning breeding in herds in order to effectively select parents.

Keywords: kappa-casein; tumor necrosis factor gene; leptin; thyroglobulin; beta-lactoglobulin; genetic equilibrium; genetic structure; Kazakh white-headed cattle.

Author Details: G. M. Goncharenko, D. Sc. (Biol.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N. B. Grishina, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); T. S. Khoroshilova, junior research fellow; N. N. Kochnev, D. Sc. (Biol.), Prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. A. Unzhakova, master’s student.

For citation: Goncharenko GM, Grishina NB, Khoroshilova TS, et al. [Genetic structure of Kazakh white-headed cattle by the genes of milk proteins and hormones and their relationship with the growing energy of young animals]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(5): 61-4. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10512.