N. A. Selezneva, A. G. Tishkova, T. N. Fedorova, N. E. Savchenko, T. A. Aseeva
Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture, Khabarovsk Federal Research Center, Far Eastern branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, s. Vostochnoe, ul. Klubnaya, 13, Khabarovskii r-n, Khabarovskii krai, 680521, Russian Federation
Abstract. Long-term intensive anthropogenic load on the soil during agricultural use leads to depletion of mineral reserves, a change in the type of humus formation and the microbial community, compared with natural ecosystems. The purpose of the studies was to determine the effect of prolonged anthropogenic impact on the transformation of the chemical and microbiological properties of agricultural soils. Long-term stationary experiments were established in 1963–1965 in the Khabarovsk Territory. The soil was meadow brown heavy loamy with an acid medium reaction and low natural fertility. Agrochemical indicators in its arable layer differentiated under the influence of various systems and types of fertilizers (aftereffect of organic fertilizers and lime, increase in the doses of mineral fertilizers). In the studied soils, the phosphorus supply varied from the medium level in natural ecosystems to the low one in the options with a double background of mineral fertilizers and very low in the option without fertilizers. An increase in the ratio of humic acids to fulvic acids from 0.58 in the natural ecosystem to 1.06 in agrocenoses and an increase in mineralization coefficient from 1.97 to 6.61, respectively, indicated that transformation of organic matter in the soil intensified with strengthening anthropogenic load. Long-term agricultural use had a negative impact on the number of microorganisms inhabiting the soil of agrocenosis: the content of ammonifiers decreased on average 10 times, the content of amylolytic drugs reduced 4.7 times, the content of fungi decreased 3.8 times. The use of mineral fertilizers contributed to a certain increase in the biological activity of the soil, compared with the option without their use; the population of amylolytic microflora grew 3 times; the population of ammonifying microflora increased 1.4 times.
Keywords: N. A. Selezneva, post graduate student; A. G. Tishkova, junior research fellow; T. N. Fedorova, post graduate student; N. E. Savchenko, research fellow; T. A. Aseeva, D. Sc. (Agr.), corresponding member of the RAS, director (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
Author Details: V. P. Ponazhev, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Selezneva NA, Tishkova AG, Fedorova TN, et al. [Changes in the chemical and microbiological properties of soil under anthropogenic impact in the field crop rotation]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(6):5-10. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10601.