E. M. Fokina, G. N. Belyaeva, D. R. Razantsvei
All-Russian Research Institute of Soybean Breeding, Ignat’evskoe sh., 19, Blagoveshchensk, Amurskaya obl., 675027, Russian Federation
Abstract. The experiment aimed to determine the possibility of using the germplasm of various (atypical) soybean morphotypes to increase genetic diversity and crop yields. The work was performed in 1999–2019 in the Amur region. Breeding nurseries were established in a field crop rotation on a typical meadow chernozem-like medium-thick soil. In the crosses, we used soybean forms with a determinant type of growth and a terminal inflorescence on the top of the main stem and branches, with a fasciated stem and an inflorescence of the head type; with dense tomentose trichomes, with an increased number of leaves on the petiole (5–9 pcs), isolated as spontaneous natural mutants on Smena variety. These forms marked the beginning of the expansion of genetic diversity and changes in the architectonics of existing soybean varieties. Using the method of recombinant selection, we bred three soybean varieties with the inclusion of atypical forms in the germplasm genome, two of which (Gratsia and Kruzhevnitsa) were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use. In hybrid (F4, F5, F6) and breeding nurseries, we distinguished 32 constant lines of soybean of a new generation, with altered architectonics, surpassing standard varieties in productivity by 0.33–1.19 t/ha with individual and complex economically valuable traits. In preliminary and competitive variety trials, we selected 6 soybean samples (Am.2530, Am.2534, Am.2542, Am.2387, Am.2423, Am.2442) of various ripeness groups exceeding the standards in terms of yield by 0.11–0.47 t/ha and in terms of the protein content in seeds by 0.7–5.9%. The best of them will be submitted to the State Variety Test in 2020.
Keywords: soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.); germplasm; architectonics; morphotype; hybrid; line; variety; yield.
Author Details: E. M. Fokina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); G. N. Belyaeva, senior research fellow; D. R. Razantsvei, research fellow.
For citation: Fokina EM, Belyaeva GN, Razantsvei DR. [The use of germplasm of atypical soybean forms in breeding]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(8):8-15. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10801.