O. L. Shepel’, T. A. Aseeva, M. P. Zvolimbovskaya
Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture, pos. Vostochnyi-1, Khabarovskii krai, 680521, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to identify early ripening, highly productive, high-protein samples of soybean, adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Amur region. The work was performed in 2017–2019. The material was 23 collection samples of soybean of various ecological and geographical origins. Under the influence of weather conditions, the duration of the flowering period was characterized by the greatest variability (Cv = 15.4%). We revealed a close positive relationship between the duration of the growing season and the duration of the period from germination to the mass flowering period (r = 0.75) and the period of fruit formation and ripening (r = 0.75). The limiting factor that determined the durations of the sowing – germination, germination – flowering periods was temperature. The closest relationship was revealed between plant height and the average temperature during the period of germination – mass flowering (r = 0.73), as well as between the amount of precipitation (r = 0.70) and the sum of active temperatures (r = 0.81) during this period. The greatest negative effect on the manifestation of the trait such as the number of beans per plant was exerted by the temperature regime during flowering (r = -0.66). We also revealed a close positive relationship between the mass of seeds per plant and the sum of the accumulated active temperatures during the growing season (r = 0.70) and the average positive dependence of the number of seeds in a legume on the sum of active temperatures (r = 0.56) and on the amount of precipitation during the growing season (r = 0.54). A close positive relationship was also found between the protein content and the average temperature of the ripening period (r = 0.80). According to the results of clustering by a complex of interrelated characteristics, the studied varieties were grouped into four clusters. Each cluster contained varieties with separate valuable economically useful traits. Varieties PEP 17 (Russia), Yaselda and Viliya (Belarus), Isz-16 (Hungary), Slavia (Russia), and Major (France) are valuable sources for breeding, as they possess the best technological and consumer properties.
Keywords: soybean (Glycine max L.); variety; growing season; trait cluster analysis; correlation coefficient; variation coefficient.
Author Details: O. L. Shepel’, post graduate student (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); T. A. Aseeva, D. Sc. (Agr.), сorresponding member of the RAS, director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); M. P. Zvolimbovskaya, junior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Shepel’ OL, Aseeva TA, Zvolimbovskaya MP. [Dependence of economic and biological characteristics of soybean on the hydrothermal conditions of the Middle Amur region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(8):18-22. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10802.