O. I. Goryanin, E. V. Madecin, E. V. Pronovich, B. J. Jangubaev, N. A. Yakovleva
Tulajkov Samara research Institute of agriculture, Samara Federal research center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. K. Marksa, 41, pos. Bezenchuk, Bezenchukskii r-n, Samarskaya obl., 446254, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the possibility of growing new varieties of spring barley adaptive to weather conditions using an improved technology of cultivation on ordinary chernozem under arid conditions. The work was performed in the Samara region. During the period from tillering to booting, the yield of barley in the region depends to the greatest extent on climatic conditions (temperature, the relative humidity of the air, HTC, and precipitation amount) (r = 0.85–0.96). We tested 23 promising varieties widespread in the region. For the period from 2015 to 2018, the maximum yield in the experiment (2.48–2.57 t/ha) and adaptability were registered for Bezenchuksky 2, Donetsky 8, Berkut, Miar, Medikum 269, and Kazak varieties. The study of two options of conventional technologies and four resource-saving variants with different elements of intensification (2011–2017) revealed that the use of resource-saving technology results in the greatest responsiveness of spring barley. In this case, an increase in yield caused by the use of nitrogen fertilizers amounted to 0.33 t/ha (14.6%); an increase in yield caused by the combined use of fertilizers and insecticides was 0.50 t/ha (22.1%). With the same yield of spring barley against intensive backgrounds of resource-saving and conventional technologies (2.37–2.76 t/ha), the highest conditional net income (5992.4 rubles/ha) and the level of profitability (74.8%) were registered in the option of minimal tillage and the use of intensification elements. In grain-fallow and grain-fallow-row crop rotations, it is advisable to use minimum tillage technologies, economical sowing methods (OPO-4.25, AUP-18.05, AUP-18.07), starting pre-sowing application of nitrogen fertilizers (N30), incorporating straw as an organic fertilizer, integrated plant protection, growing adaptive varieties Bezenchukskiy-2, Berkut, Donetskiy 8, etc.
Keywords: spring barley (Hordeum aestivus); variety; technology; yield; economic efficiency.
Author Details: O. I. Goryanin, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E. V. Madecin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; E. V. Pronovich, research fellow; B. J. Jangubaev, senior research fellow; N. A. Yakovleva, agronomist.
For citation: Goryanin OI, Madecin EV, Pronovich EV, et al. [Technologies for the cultivation of spring barley under arid conditions of the Volga region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(9):42-7. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10908.