P. P. Mukovoz, S. A. Peshkov, T. V. Levenets, A. N. Sizentsov, A. V. Kvitko, A. P. Glinushkin
All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology , ul. Institut, vl. 5, r.p. Bol’shie Vyazemy, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl.,143050, Russian Federation
Abstract. To study the possibility of suppressing mycoses by fumigation we developed biologically active compositions. They are based on compounds synthesized according to original methods, synthetic fungicides from the azole group, as well as natural antimycotics from the group of polyenes obtained by microbial fermentation of bacteria of the genus Streptomyces, followed by extraction of supernatants and preparative column chromatography of extracts. We developed pyrotechnic fumigation compositions including active substances of biologically active compositions (23–46%), an oxidizer (22–56%), combustible substances (15–56%), flame suppressors (14–34%), phlegmatizers (6–20%), and leavening agents (4–8%). The stability of complexes of the synthesized compounds with the putative cellular targets was studied by the methods of computer modelling in the B3LYP/DZP approximation using ChemCraft and FireFly software packages. The targets included ergosterol; ergosterol-dependent membrane Na+/K+-ATPases; 14alpha-demethylases, which control the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol; and squalene monooxygenases that catalyze the synthesis of squalene epoxidase, a precursor of lanosterol. Compounds with nitro groups in the molecule selectively coordinate with the site of the membrane enzyme of Na+/K+-ATPase, which is responsible for phosphorylation and binding to ATP. The nitrogen atoms of the synthesized benzoxazines selectively coordinate with the gem iron of 14alpha-demethylase; the binding energy of the complex is much lower than the energy of coordination of iron with the cysteine residue of the protein matrix of the enzyme. At the concentration of 16–500 ug/mL, the synthesized compounds exhibit fungicidal activity against test cultures of Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, and Bipolaris sorokiniana, comparable to the activity of phytolavin and previcur preparations. Samples of pyrotechnic fumigation charges are fungicidally active against phytopathogenic fungi F. graminearum, A. alternata, and B. sorokiniana with an efficiency of suppressing test cultures of 23–69%. Pyrotechnic charges killed 12–31% of the tested cultures on wheat.
Keywords: fumigation; molecular docking; biotesting; cellular target; ligand; fungicides.
Author Details: . P. Mukovoz, Cand. Sc. (Chem.), head of laboratory (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S. A. Peshkov, Cand. Sc. (Chem.), research fellow; T. V. Levenets, Cand. Sc. (Chem.), junior research fellow; A. N. Sizentsov, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), junior research fellow; A. V. Kvitko, D. Sc. (Jur.), director ot the center; A. P. Glinushkin, D. Sc. (Agr.), Corresponding member of the RAS, director.
For citation: Mukovoz PP, Peshkov SA, Levenets TV, et al. [Innovative ways to suppress plant mycoses: approaches, solutions, prospects]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(12):19-27. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-11203.