T. S. Kiseleva, V. V. Rzaeva
State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, ul. Respubliki, 7, Tyumen’, 625003, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to identify the most effective primary tillage method (ploughing, loosening, alternation of ploughing and loosening in crop rotations, without primary tillage) on leached heavy loamy chernozem to different depths (20–22 cm and 12–14 cm) for the cultivation of legumes (pea, chickpea) in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The work was performed in 2017–2019. Meteorological conditions in the study area are characterized by cold long winters, warm short summers, short transitional seasons of spring and autumn, late springs, and early autumn frosts. The highest yield of legumes was noted after ploughing at a depth of 20–22 cm; when cultivating pea, it was higher by 0.30 t/ha than after loosening to the same depth; when cultivating chickpea, it was higher by 0.47 t/ha. Compared with the option of ploughing and loosening alternation in crop rotation, the difference was 0.30 t/ha and 0.20 t/ha, respectively. With a decrease in the tillage depth, the yield of pea and chickpea decreased: after ploughing – by 0.27 t/ha and 0.30 t/ha, respectively; after loosening – by 0.56 t/ha and 0.40 t/ha, respectively; in the option with alternating ploughing and loosening – by 0.57 t/ha and 0.70 t/ha, respectively. The lowest yield in the experiment was obtained without primary tillage. Good results after ploughing to the depth 20–22 cm were preconditioned by the highest germination and viability of plants, as well as the highest weight of 1000 grains in this option. As a result, the primary moldboard tillage to the depth of 20–22 cm provided the highest economic effect: the net income from the cultivation of pea was 14,440 rubles/ha; for chickpea, this indicator was 21,520 rubles/ha; the level of profitability was 53.5% and 62.6%, respectively.
Keywords: primary tillage; pea (Pisum sativum); chickpea (Cicer arietinum); yield; economic efficiency.
Author Details: T. S. Kiseleva, post graduate student (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. V. Rzaeva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of department.
For citation: Kiseleva TS, Rzaeva VV. [Influence of the primary tillage on the yield of leguminous crops in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021;35(1):21-5. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2021-10104.